Musen-Almanach

A Muse Almanac is a literary form of publication which established itself in 1770 in Germany and also in the 19th century, was very popular.

Model that appeared in Göttingen and Leipzig Germany's first muses almanacs was both in content and in title since 1765 in Paris at the Publisher Delalain published, edited by Claude- sixte Sautreau de Marsy Almanac des Muses. What's in this and the following almanacs were the one literary notes and reviews, on the other first releases of new (mostly short ) poems.

German Muse Almanacs 1770-1863

The better known under the first two German Muse almanacs was that of Johann Christian Dieterich 1770 moved Göttingen Musenalmanach (GMA ), which appeared ( in other publishing sites and thereafter until 1805) by the year 1802 in Göttingen. The idea for this publication came from Abraham Gotthelf Kästner Göttingen mathematician, editor of the GMA was Heinrich Christian Boie (together with Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter ).

Soon the GMA was the mouthpiece of the sealing students of Göttingen Hainbund: Johann Heinrich Voss, Ludwig Hölty, Johann Martin Miller and his cousin Gottlob Dietrich Miller, Johann Friedrich Hahn, Johann Thomas Ludwig weir, later Johann Anton Leisewitz and others. After publication of the almanac to 1774 Boie transferred the editorial staff at Voss, who moved to Hamburg but soon ( and there issued their own competing almanac). Then, in the spring of 1775 Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk the new editor. From 1776 Gottfried August Bürger co-editor, 1779 then the sole publisher. After the citizen 's death in 1795 Karl Reinhard took over the editorship.

Simultaneously published in Leipzig Leipziger Almanac of German Muses ( AdM ). The publisher Engelhard Benjamin Schwickert, then a notorious pirate printers, copied more than just the idea of ​​Dieterich'schen Muses almanacs and managed in fact, his first edition ( including 19 from the Göttingen Musenalmanach 1770 " stolen " posts) before the appearance the "original" to be published: his almanac for the year 1770 was published in 1769 editor of the Leipziger almanac was Christian Heinrich Schmid, were published, among other works of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim and Karl Wilhelm PeterRamler. . As of 1776 the work was published under the new title Leipzig Muses Almanac (Editor Friedrich Traugott Hare), from 1782 took over the editor Publisher Schwickert items. The last edition was published in 1787.

The third German Muses almanac was that of Johann Heinrich Voss published ( after his move to Hamburg) Hamburg Musenalmanach. The first issue, nor released by Voss in 1776, self-published, was a financial loss; for the year 1777 was Voss then the Hamburg publisher Carl Ernst Bohn, who published the remaining volumes. Over the entire period was editor of Voss (hence Vossischer Musenalmanach mentioned ) volumes, from 1779 to 1786, however, together with Goeckingk.

From 1777, a Wienerischer Musenalmanach appeared ( since 1786 under the title Wiener Muses Almanac ), which became the voice of young authors of the Austrian Enlightenment. Editor was initially Joseph Franz von Ratschky, co-editor from 1781 Aloys Blumauerstraße, and later Gottlieb Leon and Martin Joseph Prandstätter. The last edition was published in 1796.

Other similar almanacs were of little success, even Friedrich Schiller's 1782 anthology published only once. Schiller's second attempt of 1796-1800, edited by him Musenalmanach was, but then the best known collection of its kind, the first volumes published by the Hofbuchhändler Solomon Michaelis Neustrelitz. Well-known colleagues such as Schiller Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder, Ludwig Tieck, Friedrich Hölderlin and August Wilhelm Schlegel wrote for his almanac. Schiller himself published in his Musenalmanach for the year 1797, co-authored with Goethe Xenia, where they mocked literary grievances, and in Musenalmanach for the year 1798 some ballads, including the Knight of Toggenburg.

In Schiller's Almanac followed the muse almanacs of August Wilhelm Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck (Tübingen, 1802 ), by Johann Bernhard Increase (Leipzig 1802 and Jena 1803), the Musenalmanach of Adelbert von Chamisso and Karl August Varnhagen von Ense ( 1804-1806 ), the poetic Paperback by Friedrich Schlegel ( Berlin 1805-1806 ) and the Musenalmanach by Leo von Seckendorf ( Regensburg 1807-1808 )

Soon, the muse almanacs, however, were displaced by the paperback. Only when all this literature Metric, poetry, displaced from its content, was again a need for collections that issued the best new from the area of the lyric and the lyric- epic poetry in selection.

In 1830 two Muse almanacs appeared side by side: one of Johann Amadeus Wendt ( Leipzig 1830-1839 ), adopted as the German Musenalmanach since 1833 by Chamisso and Gustav Schwab, was ten years of experienced others, the Berlin Muses Almanac by Moritz Veit, only two years course.

After a number of other short-lived Muse almanacs, so Emil Weber North German Muses Almanac ( Hanover, 1857-58 ), the East and West Prussian Musenalmanach (later Prussian Almanac, Konigsberg and Berlin, 1856-63 ), and almanacs published recently German representatives of the " Poetry " and of students. In Schwerin the late twenties / early thirties appeared Schwerin Muses Almanac ( 1927-1929 ) and the Mecklenburg Muses Almanac ( 1930-1933 ), edited and published by Christoph Dittmer in the Lyra -Verlag.

Student Muse Almanacs 1842-1947

The tradition of the muse almanacs was added and continued by the academic youth. She has, since the end of the 18th century throughout the 19th century and into the 20th century - in addition to occasional student poetry collections - a series of student Muse almanacs produced, though rarely as true periodicals. These publications minorer poetry appeared in various university towns of the German language area. They gave the young writers the opportunity to present themselves to a wider audience with their " Etudes poetic leisure hours ." Her works, which " do not claim [ ... ], something Consummate and Mellow to offer " were generally regarded with favor because they are " by gehends the trademark of the youthfulness of their authors at the front " were wearing.

The poem texts are remarkable as historical documents socio- aesthetic handing down, be writable by the entrenched systems of the trivial by the poetic norms as so-called Abweichungsregularitäten and their literary - aesthetic changes in time - from the singular metaphor for mass cliché - demonstrate and empirically can be analyzed - quantitatively.

Chronology proven Publications

• »Wroclaw 1842 "

• »Wroclaw 1843 "

• » Göttingen 1896 "

• " Berlin 1896 "

• " Leipzig 1897 "

• » Göttingen 1898 "

• » Göttingen 1899 "

• " Vienna 1900 "

• » Göttingen 1901 "

• » Marburg 1901 "

• " Munich 1901 "

• " Munich 1902 "

• " Munich 1903 "

• " Munich 1904 "

• » Hall 1903 "

• » Munster 1904 "

• » Munster 1905 "

• » Göttingen 1905 "

• » Hannover 1905 «

• »Stuttgart 1905 "

• " Leipzig 1909 "

• " Leipzig 1921 "

• »Wroclaw 1927 "

• » Göttingen 1947 "