Museum of Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA ) is one of the world's most important and influential collections of modern and contemporary art. The museum is located in the district of New York's Midtown neighborhood Manhattan on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The collection includes works of architecture and design, drawings, paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, photographs, films and electronic media. In addition, part of a 300,000 -volume library to the Museum of Modern Art
History
The founding of the Museum of Modern Art, Lillie P. Bliss goes back to Mary Quinn Sullivan and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, who recognized in the late 1920s, that in the U.S. in addition to the history of art museums lacked a means of Modern and Contemporary Art. It was opened on November 7, 1929 under the leadership of founding director Alfred Barr. The museum was well received by the audience and changed in the following decade, three times the building to have more exhibition space. 1939 moved into the building in Midtown Manhattan, this is the site of the museum today the Museum of Modern Art. Architects Edward Durell Stone and Philip Goodwin, who created the first modern museum building with the minimalist building.
Under the direction Barrs this established a conception and organization of the museum, which provided for a division of the Museum in various departments of the various art forms. This classification was maintained during the further expansion of the collection and further strengthened. The number of works of art increased rapidly from eight prints and one drawing at the beginning of the museum to more than 150,000. In addition, films and a considerable number of still images from movies were acquired. In the 1950s and 1960s the building was expanded by architect Philip Johnson. 1984, the museum was renovated under the direction of Cesar Pelli and doubled the exhibition space. Between 2002 and 2004, was rebuilt under the direction of the Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi for $ 860 million and extended. On 20 November 2004, the Museum of Modern Art reopened. Current Director Glenn D. Lowry is.
Collection
The collection of the Museum of Modern Art includes more than 150,000 works of architecture and design, drawings, paintings, sculptures, among others, Alice Aycock, Louise Bourgeois, Alexander Calder, Henry Moore, Claes Oldenburg, Eduardo Paolozzi, photographs, prints and illustrations. There are also about 22,000 films, four million still images from movies, and video art, such as by Valie Export, Lutz Mommartz, Pipilotti Rist and Julian Rosenfeldt and other electronic media.
Exhibits at the Museum of Modern Art, among other design objects of daily use such as chairs or a standard developed by Ferdinand Porsche VW Beetle. Furthermore drawings by artists such as Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, Natalija Goncharova, Wassily Kandinsky and Egon Schiele. Among them are works by Pablo Picasso, Piet Mondrian, Jean Arp and Andy Warhol.
Roger and Angelica by Odilon Redon
Steinbrecher, Le Raincy of Georges- Pierre Seurat
The paintings collection includes works of Impressionism and late Impressionism Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. With Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Oskar Kokoschka works of German Expressionism also are represented. Further facilities include pictures of Gustav Klimt, Henri Matisse, Marc Chagall, Salvador Dalí, René Magritte and Pablo Picasso to the collection. With Jackson Pollock's works are works of Action Painting and Abstract Expressionism to the collection. With Roy Lichtenstein's Girl with ball pop art works are represented. Another painting on display is Gold Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol.
Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh
The seat of the Areoi by Paul Gauguin
Hope II by Gustav Klimt
Since 2012, the MOMA also collects computer games as part of the design department. The first 14 games were: Pac -Man ( 1980) Tetris ( 1984), Another World (1991 ), Myst (1993 ), SimCity 2000 ( 1994), Vib - Ribbon ( 1999), The Sims ( 2000), Katamari Damacy (2004 ) EVE online ( 2003 ) Dwarf Fortress (2006 ) portal ( 2007 ) flOw (2006), Passage (2008) and Canabalt ( 2009). In June 2013 followed Pong ( 1972), Space Invaders (1978 ) Asteroids (1979) Tempest (1980 ), Yars ' Revenge ( 1981) and Minecraft (2011), as well as the game console Magnavox Odyssey. Among the planned additions for the coming years include: MULE and Super Mario Bros..
Special
From the outset, were special exhibitions on specific art styles, genres and the work of individual artists a focus of museum work. Many of these exhibitions have - written art history, museum discovered by art movements and new terms coined - in both senses of the word. The most important of these exhibitions are: Machine type (1934 ), Cubism and Abstract Art (1936; with the famous evolutionary scheme of Alfred Barr on the cover ), Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism (1936 ), Sixteen Americans (1959 ), The Art of Assemblage (1961, which introduced the concept of assemblage in the art of literature) and the Responsive Eye (1965; regarded as museum founding exhibition of Op Art ). Another famous and very popular exhibition was The Family of Man of 1955, were shown in the photographs, which should reflect the full humanity in its entirety. Then this show went on a world tour.
Other exhibitions were Four German Printmakers: Max Klinger, Lovis Corinth, Christian Rohlfs, and Otto Dix in 1991, Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect and Three Masters of the Bauhaus: Lyonel Feininger, Vasily Kandinsky, and Paul Klee from the year 1994. 1999 found, among other things exhibitions Alfred Hitchcock: instead Automobiles for the Next Century and Fame After Photography: Behind the silhouette, Different Roads.
In addition, the museum itself is subject of exhibitions. During the museum renovation from 2002 to 2004 212 outstanding masterpieces "MoMA in Berlin " So were first in Houston and then from February 20 to September 19 2004 at the New National Gallery in Berlin under the title issued. Some exhibits also were temporarily in a branch of the MoMA, the affiliated PS1 in Queens, New York. Furthermore, the Museum of Modern Art also lends pictures for other exhibitions.
Film Art from 1935
Haidee Wasson dedicates her dissertation ( Communication Science ) " Modern Ideas About Old Films: The Museum of Modern Art 's Film Library and Film Culture, 1935-39 " the founding years of the first North American Film Archives, the Film Library (German: Film Library ) from 1935.
The British Iris Barry [f 1], film critic and co-founder, founded 1925 Film Society London was the first curator used with her husband John Abbott as director [f 2], in 1947 she herself was director. [F 3] As Wasson describes seemed the idea of film and Hollywood film as an art form and the preservation or exhibition of films may not be revolutionary, but "strange" and was the subject of public debate. Even in the 30s, the new muse movie had its advocates [ f 4 ], which was associated already with utopian ideas and Enlightenment hopes and found between sophistication and entertainment [ f 5 ] and the continents again. [ F 6 ] with the end of the silent film and Hollywood in its commercial flower was this technical mass medium in the process of emerging from Europe [ f 7 ] to be subjected to re-evaluation ( propaganda purposes not exempt ), though was the establishment of a kind of (high ) cultural thermal before, [ f 8 ] on the other hand it was not made the film library internally consistently easily.
"People who know what to do with the modern painting, literature or the theater much are amazingly ignorant of the modern film opposite. [ ... ] It may be said that the only the twentieth century 's great art form of the American public that they could appreciate most, is virtually unknown, without exaggeration. "
Some of the directors had the rights to their films do not, nor were they always interested [f 10]. For reasons of space the footage rolls of film was recycled in previous years, thrown or discharged into the ocean. Rev. way of thinking rather exhibitions from the earliest silent films are obtained, which were often sold. Also put in these days by 16 mm, on the one hand amateur format, on the other hand also as a safety film. The idea of preservation of the footage ever came on later.
Only by funding from the Rockefeller Foundation was the Film Library economically secure feet. According to Buxton, those responsible aimed at Rockefeller to considerations like: " How can the public [ ... ] create that understanding that allows him between good and bad [ ... ] to separate the film [f 11]? " Rockefeller paid from 1935 to the MoMA, just because the film industry of appreciation (today we would of fandom [f 12 ] [ f 13 ] speak ) and the science was inaccessible. [ f 14 ] with some persuasion also the major studios involved. [ f 9] 1936 Barry negotiated an agreement with Paramount, MGM and others from to be able to produce at their own expense copies of negatives for educational purposes. [ f 15 ]
When MoMA and (few) comparable European institutions [ f 16 ], the realistic function of the film was considered as a historical document. Above all, the exhibits embodied there the center of systematic intellectual engagement and Barry aimed at them to move into the right context. Initially, her collection positioned in the middle of new publications and recognized filmmakers. Melies, Porter and David Wark Griffith [f 17] With Selecting and configuring the not necessarily the "best" products of recent art form, the Film Library offered a recap of lost forty years [f 18], a popular times, sometimes marginalized views and a forecast of accelerated modern world and the multiform U.S. in particular and began sometime, even to assume an identity. Here, the aim of the trip was far from clear. [F 19] Barry raised the lending and setting up the long needed canon academic activity to a new level. [ 20 f ] [f 21]
In the tenth Oscar Awards 1937, the Film Library received a Special Award in recognition of " [ ... ] its significant work in collecting films dating from 1895 to the present and for the first time making available to the public the Means of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the motion picture as one of the major arts. "
From 1941 to 1943 Siegfried Kracauer worked as a special research assistant at the Film Library. [ F 22 ] also was the director Luis Buñuel there from 1941 until 1943. [ 23 f ] [ f 24 ] Much later grew especially in the 80s, the collection: among other things, gave Turner Entertainment Company and RKO larger items, Albert Broccoli donated the famous Bond films, and Clint Eastwood, Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola and Oliver Stone leaving their works [f 25].
The Department of Film and Video stores today more than 22,000 films from all over the world and four million still images, as extensive international collection of the United States with works from all decades and genres. [F 26] [f 27] [f 28] The collections are kept in the Celeste Bartos film Preservation Center, which opened in Hamlin, Pennsylvania in 1996. [ 29 f ] [f 25]
On 3 May 2007, Rajendra Roy was appointed Celeste Bartos Chief Curator of Film. [F 30 ]
On the World Wide Web, the online collection now works out. [F 31]