Myrtaceae

Myrtle ( Myrtus communis)

  • Myrtoideae
  • Psiloxyloideae

The myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ) form a family of plants in the order of Myrtenartigen ( Myrtales ). The family is divided into two subfamilies and some tribes; total, it comprises about 131 genera with about 4620 species. They are mainly in Australia ( about 85 species ) and native to the Neotropics.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Use

In addition to the name -giving myrtle to the myrtle family include ( Myrtaceae ) species such as the clove and eucalyptus species. Supply many kinds of essential oils for perfumery and pharmacy. Some species yield edible fruits, some Psidium species ( for example, the guava ) and Campomanesia - and Eugenia species.

Description

Appearance and leaves

The species of this family are usually evergreen (some Eucalyptus species are deciduous ) trees: trees and shrubs. You are helophytisch to xerophytic. They usually contain plenty of essential oils in schizolysigenen Exktretbehältern. The Secondary growth in thickness is based on a conventional Kambiumring. The most obvious distinguishing feature of this family is, however, that the phloem is within the xylem, with all other plants, this is reversed. They have bikollaterale vascular bundles.

The mostly opposite, rarely whorled or alternate and spirally arranged leaves have a very different depending on the type size and shape and they can be stalked. The simple leaf blade is leathery to herbaceous and entire. The leaf areas can be spotted glandular. The sheets can be oriented normal or rotated by 90 °. The stomata are usually found only on a leaf surface, or vertically positioned leaves on both leaf surfaces and are usually anomocytisch or rare paracytisch. In many species there is Heterophyllie. Stipules are absent or small (eg Calythrix ).

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are rarely singly or usually in the end, pendant or standing between the nodes (significantly at Beaufortia, Callistemon and Melaleuca species), zymöse, eared, schirmrispige, Rispige or capitula shaped together ( for example Actinodium ) inflorescences. There may be bracts. In some species the inflorescences interact with their bracts as Pseudanthien. Among the flowers often have two cover pages. The plants are dioecious, rarely getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ) or polygamomonözisch.

  • Flower Diagrams

Myrtus communis

Your rarely unisexual or hermaphrodite mostly, mostly radial symmetry, rarely slightly zygomorphic ( usually affects only the androecium ) flowers are usually four, more rarely fünfzählig. It is often a cup - to tubular flowers deeper soil present ( = Hypanthium ). There are usually four or five (three to six), free or intergrown sepals present, or they are only rudimentary to detect. The four - or five petals are free or fused. The colors of the petals range from white to yellow, or from red to pink to purple, but blue does not occur. As a rule, increased secondary, very many (20 to 150) free stamens present, rarely four or five, eight or ten; they are usually located at the edge of hypanthium. The stamens can all be fertile or partially converted to staminodes. The stamens can grow together into bundles (for example, Lophostemon ) and rarely possess appendages (eg Corynanthera ). The pollen grains usually have three (two to four) and apertures are rarely colpate, mostly colporat or Porat, sometimes syncolpat. There may be a discus. Usually two to five, rarely up to 16 carpels are under constant to a syncarp, medium-to, rarely almost constant above, usually two to five ( one to 16 - ) grown chambered ovary. Unilocular ovary may contain 30 to 150 ovules, otherwise each ovary chamber contains 2-50 ovules; they are hemianatrop to anatrop and most bitegmisch and crassinucellat. Each flower contains only a stylus with a scar. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ) or birds ( Ornithophilie ).

Fruit and seeds

The fleshy or dry, opening at maturity or closed lasting fruits can be capsule fruits, stone fruits, nuts or berries. The seeds contain no endosperm and may winged ( in some Eucalyptus species ), or wingless. The embryo is straight up, more or less curved, sometimes rotated. About frequent polyembryony was reported.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome numbers be n = mostly 11 (5 to 12).

System

The Myrtaceae family in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu is in Genera Plantarum, pp. 322-323. Type genus is Myrtus L. Synonyms Myrtaceae Juss. are: Heteropyxidaceae Engl & Gilg, nom. cons. , Kaniaceae Nakai, Leptospermaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, Myrrhiniaceae Arn. , Psiloxylaceae Croizat.

The myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ) family since Wilson et al. 2005 divided into two subfamilies and about 17 tribes and includes about 131 to 138 genera with about 4620 species:

  • Subfamily Psiloxyloideae: it contains only two tribes, each a genus with about four ways: Tribus Heteropyxideae: it contains only a monotypic genus: Heteropyxis Harv. With about three species in South Africa.
  • Psiloxylum Thouars ex Tul. Contains only one type: Psiloxylum mauritianum Baill ( Bouton ex Hook f. ): . It is native to the Mascarene Islands. This tree is dioecious or polygamomonözisch.
  • Subfamily Myrtoideae: It contains about 15 Tribus: Tribus Backhousieae: it contains only two genera: Backhousia Hook. & Harv. The eight species occur in Queensland and New South Wales.
  • Choricarpia Dominguez: The only two species occur in Queensland and New South Wales.
  • Actinodium shower: it contains only one type: Actinodium cunninghamii Schauer ex Lindl. It occurs only in southwestern Western Australia.
  • Balaustion pulcherrimum Hook:. It occurs in south-western Australia.
  • Corynanthera flava JWGreen: It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Harmogia densifolia ( Sm ) Showers: It occurs in eastern Australia.
  • Allosyncarpia STBlake: it contains only one type: Allosyncarpia ternata STBlake: It occurs only in the Northern Territory.
  • Arillastrum gummiferum ( Brongn. & Gris ) Pancher ex Baill. It occurs only in the central and southeastern New Caledonia.
  • Stockwellia quadrifida DJCarr, SGMCarr & B.Hyland: It occurs only in Queensland.
  • Barongia PeterG.Wilson & B.Hyland: it contains only one type: Barongia lophandra Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland: This endemic species is found only in Queensland in the State Forest Reserve 755, Palmerston, Barong and Brewer Logging Areas. It grows at altitudes between 50 and 200 meters in well developed lowland rain forest.
  • Basisperma lanceolata CTWhite: It occurs only in Papua New Guinea.
  • Lysicarpus angustifolius ( Hook. ) Druce: It occurs only in Queensland.
  • Mitrantia bilocularis Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland: It occurs only in the northern Queensland.
  • Agonis ( DC.) Sweet: With about six species only in Western Australia.
  • Asteromyrtus Schauer: The approximately seven species are common in New Guinea and Australia.
  • Homalospermum shower: it contains only one type: Homalospermum firmum showers: It occurs in south-western Australia.
  • Kunzea ericoides ( A.Rich. ) JoyThomps.
  • Lindsayomyrtus B.Hyland & Steenis: it contains only one type: Lindsayomyrtus racemoides ( Greves ) Craven: The home ranges from the Moluccas to northern Queensland.
  • Kjellbergiodendron burret: it contains only one type: Kjellbergiodendron celebicum ( Coord ) Merr. It occurs only on Sulawesi.
  • Welchiodendron longivalve ( F.Muell. ) Peter G.Wilson & JTWaterh. It occurs only in New Guinea and northern Queensland.
  • Whiteodendron moultonianum ( WWSm. ) Steenis: It occurs only in Borneo.
  • Beaufortia R.Br.: With about 21 species in southwestern Australia.
  • Bottlebrush ( Callistemon R.Br. ): With about 30 species in New Caledonia and Australia (26 species).
  • Calothamnus Labill. With about 43 species imd southwestern Australia.
  • Eremaea Lindl. With about 16 species in Western Australia.
  • Melaleuca L.: The 220 ​​to 280 species are distributed mainly (215 species) and New Guinea in Australia and are also found in Malaysia's and New Caledonia.
  • Phymatocarpus F.Muell. With only two species in Western Australia.
  • Regelia shower: With about five species in southwestern Australia.
  • Metrosideros Banks ex Gaertn. ( Syn: .. .. Agalmanthus ( Endl. ) Hombr & Jacquinot, Ballardia Montrouz, Carpolepis ( JWDawson ) JWDawson, Mearnsia Merr, Microsideros tree. - Bod nom inval. . ): With about 55 species not originally in Australia but from the Cape and the Ogosawarainseln to Malaysia's and the Pacific: including the South Island ironwood, the North Island ironwood and the Pohutukawa.
  • Tepualia Griseb. Contains only one type: Tepualia stipularis ( Hook. & Arn. ) Griseb. It occurs in central and southern Chile and southwestern Argentina.
  • Acca O.Berg: The three to six species come from Peru to Uruguay before, for example: Feijoa ( Acca sellowiana ( O.Berg ) burret )
  • Acca lanuginosa ( Ruiz & Pav ex G.Don ) McVaugh
  • Accara elegans ( DC.) Landrum: It comes in only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais ago.
  • Curitiba prismatica ( D.Legrand ) Salywon & Landrum: It occurs only in southern Brazil.
  • Legrandia concinna ( Phil.) Kausel: It comes in before only in central Chile.
  • Luma apiculata ( DC.) burret
  • Luma chequen F.Phil.
  • Meteoromyrtus wynaadensis ( Bedd. ) Gamble: It occurs in south-western India.
  • Myrcia neocambessedeana Lucas & Sobral, basionym: Gomidesia cambessedeana O.Berg, an extinct species that occurred in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
  • Myrcia skeldingii Proctor, an extinct species that occurred in Jamaica.
  • Camu -Camu ( Myrciaria dubia ( Kunth ) McVaugh )
  • Jaboticaba or log Cherry ( Myrciaria cauliflora ( Mart. ) O.Berg )
  • ( Guavaberry, Rumberry ) ( Myrciaria floribunda ( H.West ex Willd. ) O.Berg )
  • Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott: It occurs in South America.
  • Myrtastrum rufopunctatum ( Pancher ex Brongn & Gris. ) Burret: It occurs only in New Caledonia.
  • Common myrtle ( Myrtus communis L.): It comes with two subspecies in Macaronesia, in southern Europe and in Pakistan.
  • Myrtus nivelii Batt. & Trot. It occurs in North Africa.
  • Neomyrtus pedunculata ( Hook.f. ) Allan: It occurs in New Zealand.
  • Pseudanamomis umbellulifera ( Kunth ) Kausel: It comes in from the Caribbean before up in northern South America.
  • Real guava ( Psidium guajava L.)
  • Osbornia: it contains only one type: Osbornia octodonta F.Muell. This mangrove tree is found in the Philippines and northern Australia.
  • Syncarpia: The five species occur in the Moluccas and in Queensland and New South Wales.
  • Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris: The eight species are found only in New Caledonia.
  • Syzygium: The 500 to 1000 species are widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands.
  • Waterhousea B.Hyland: The only four species occur in Queensland and New South Wales.
  • Thaleropia PeterG.Wilson: Due only three species occur in New Guinea and Australia.
  • Tristania: it contains only one type: Tristania neriifolia ( Sims ) R.Br.: It occurs only in New South Wales.
  • Pleurocalyptus Brongn. & Gris: The only two species are found only in New Caledonia.
  • Purpureostemon Gugerli: it contains only one type: Purpureostemon ciliatus ( JRForst. & G.Forst. ) Gugerli: It occurs only in the northwestern and central New Caledonia.

Swell

  • The Myrtaceae in APWebsite family. (Sections Description and systematics)
  • The families of the Myrtaceae, Heteropyxidaceae and Psiloxylaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • The evolution of the Myrtaceae (in Australia). (English )
  • The Myrtaceae family in the Western Australian flora. ( Description section )
  • Jie Chen & Lyn A. Craven: Myrtaceae, p 321 text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 ( section description)
  • Peter G. Wilson, MM O'Brien, MM Heslewood & CJ Quinn: Relationships within Myrtaceae sensu lato based on a matK phylogeny, In: Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 251, 2005, pp. 3-19.
Australia (continent) Vascular cambium Ovary (botany) Angophora costata Drupe Chamelaucium uncinatum Corymbia calophylla Kunzea baxteri Baeckea Calytrix Darwinia (plant) Homoranthus Micromyrtus Thryptomene Verticordia Angophora Corymbia Maluku (province) Leptospermum Maluku Islands Malesia Bahia Hispaniola Central America Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Max Burret Pimenta (genus) Rhodamnia Rhodomyrtus Ugni Agricultural Research Service
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