Names of the days of the week
As the week is called a day of the week in a recurring appointment:
Naming days of the week
The seven days of the week are named after the Babylonian visible with the naked eye stars change the geocentric worldview ( Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn) that were considered at the time of appointment as gods themselves. These names, as well as the belief in gods were adopted by the Greeks and Romans. When the Germans came to know these names in the 4th century, they named this order by the names of the Roman gods roughly corresponding Germanic. In the course of Christianization was attempted at a later time to push back this pagan name again, but succeeded only in German-speaking at the Wednesday and Saturday.
The second day was considered a day of the moon (Eng. Monday, engl. Monday, lat this lunae, French Lundi, Italy. Lunedi, Spanish Lunes )
The third day was considered a day of Mars (lat. this martis, French Lundi, italy. Martedi, Spanish Martes ), whose God is equivalent to the Germanic god Tyr or Ziu, whence dt Tuesday and English. Tuesday derive.
The fourth day was considered a day of Mercury (lat. this Mercuri, French Lundi, italy. Mercoledi, Spanish Miércoles ), whose God was the Germanic god Wodan ( Odin ) equated, resulting engl itself. Wednesday derives the German designation Wednesday goes back to Christian influence.
The fifth day was considered a day of Jupiter (lat. this Iovis, French Jeudi, Italy. Giovedi, Spanish Jueves ) was equated, the god with the Germanic god Thor ( Thor ), resulting in German and English Thursday. Thursday derived.
The sixth day was considered a day of Venus (lat. this veneris, French Vendredi, Italy. Venerdi, Spanish Viernes ), with the Germanic goddess Frija ( Frigg, not to be confused with Freyja ) was equated, resulting engl itself. Friday and Friday dt derived.
The seventh day was considered a day of Saturn (Latin: this Saturni, Eng. Saturday ), the names dt Saturday, French Samedi, Italy. Sabato and span Sábado go back on the Jewish Sabbath, the Saturday norddt. name goes back to the Germanic daily schedule in which a day began with the evening, back.
German weekday name
The weekday names in German date back to the Germanic names of the days of the week. The names of the days of the week are loan translations from Latin, where for the Roman gods, the Germanic equivalents were used ( Wodan for Mercurius, Thor for Jupiter, etc.). The Latin names go turn back to the original Babylonian gods name:
The missionaries were at pains to enforce possible weekday names that are not reminiscent of pagan ( Roman or Germanic ) gods in the Christianization of the ( Old High ) German speaking area. This is on the one hand Wednesday clear where the name of the day in the end of the week actually expected name Wotan ( cf. Engl. Wednesday ) has been circumvented. The other example is the designation of the day before Sunday: The borrowed from the Latin ( Saturni this) Satertag expands, although, until into English from ( Saturday ), but is increasingly replaced by two other terms in the German language - a neutral Saturday and a mainly Christian Saturday. Satertag obtains only in the ecclesiastical province of Cologne, and today also because only in the vernacular.
Saturday is the common name originally in the north and called the day before Sunday (like Christmas Eve the whole day before Christmas Day renames ).
Saturday is etymologically originated from the term for the Sabbath. This designation is spreading among phonetic modification from the Orient to Greece, the Danube upstream in the Romance languages (French Samedi, Italian Sabato ) and in the dioceses of Mainz and Trier. These first words in the southern German -speaking native name wanders still further and further to the north and the word seems to gradually displace Saturday.
Counting days of the week
By the end of 1975, the Sunday was the first day of the week in the Federal Republic of Germany. This scheme was replaced by the now no longer valid DIN 1355-1, which made the Monday for the first day of the week. In the GDR in 1969 joined a similar amendment. Also todays valid ISO 8601 determines the Monday for the first day of the week. Sunday is still in England, North America and many other parts of the world, the first day of the week, according to the Jewish and Christian counting.
Since 1978, on the decision of the UN International Monday, the first day of the week, Sunday is expected along with the Saturday weekend.
The days Monday to Saturday count as business days, the Sunday as a day of rest especially protected.
Symbols for the weekdays
Since the Middle Ages the usual in astronomy and astrology planet symbols were also used for the weekdays. For the days you will find it in church records until the 18th century. There not the sun symbol, but was on Sunday but "Dom. " Or " this dominica " is used.
Calculation
To calculate the day of the week for a given date, there are various methods. These are shown in separate main articles:
- Doomsday algorithm
- Gaussian weekday formula
- Dominical Letter
- Weekday Calculation
- Zellers congruence