Nanga (Japanese painting)
Nanga (南 画Japanese ), more Nanshūga (南宗 画, dt " painting in the style of the Southern school " ), is a Chinese -influenced style, which was recorded in Japan since 1700.
The concept
The style of painting was based on the " Southern school ", which preferred a spontaneous image design as opposed to strictly academic " Northern School" [NB 1]. In this style, based in China scholar who painted in her spare time and the results are often then made as gifts to friends. This " scholar - painting" (文人 画, bunjinga ) was taken in Japan, but not quite in line with the original concept. So you lived in part one, so that today in Japanese art history of the Nanga term preferred by the sale of the leaves.
The leisure painters looked to the Chinese textbooks for painting, for example, to the collection " Eight species image templates " (八种 画谱) or the " Mustard Seed Garden " (芥子 园) and the "Ten Bamboo Hall " (十 竹 斎). These works were reprinted in Japan.
Representing the early phase
- Gion Nankai (祇 园 南海; 1677-1751 ) was the author of Chinese poetry and painting. He was the son of a doctor who served the Wakayama branch of the Tokugawa family, studied Confucianism under Kinoshita Anzhen and worked as an official teacher of Confucianism of the Han.
- Nankaku Hattori (服 部 南 郭; 1683-1759 ) was born in Kyoto, was Confucian and poets, but also dealt with the painting in the Nanga style.
- Yanagisawa Kien (柳 沢 淇 园; 1704-1758 ) headed the administration of the Kōriyama -han. He studied under Ogyū Sorai dealt with the Neokonfuzisnismus, calligraphy, seal cutting and knowledgeable in botany. He initially painted in the style of Chinese court painting, then devoted himself above all the Nanga painting.
The great masters
Yosa and Ike were in contrast to most other Nanga painters of bourgeois origin.
- Yosa Buson (与 谢 芜 村, 1716-1783 ) was haiku poet and painter. He showed early artistic talent and left behind an extensive pictorial work.
- Ike (no) Taiga (池 大雅; 1723-1776 ) was born in Kyoto, learned the Ming and Qing painting in Gion, recorded also influences Yanagizawa. His calligraphy is significant. His wife Gyokuran was a well-known painter.
Further development in western Japan
- Uragami Gyokudo (浦 上 玉堂; 1745-1820 ) served first in Kamogata -han in Bitchū province, but left that and went painting and koto playing all over the country. With a sharp brushstrokes he designed his landscapes.
- Aoki Mokubei (青木 木 米; 1767-1833 ) is known primarily as a potter in Kyoto, but was also at the age where he started working picturesque influences of Kō Fuyo ( 1722-1784 ) and Kimura Kenkadō ( 1736-1802 ). He used blue and red to the scenic design.
Further development in Edo
- Bunchō Tani (谷 文 晁; 1763-1840 ) came from Edo. Promoted by the Registrar of the Shogunate Matsudaira Sadanobu he created the collections Shuko Jūrui and Koyo tanshōzu ken. He took influences of the Northern school, which manifest themselves in a more stringent screen layout. Under his leadership, the portrait painting developed. Of his numerous pupils are mainly Watanabe, Tsubaki and Tachibara Kyosho and Takaku Aegae mentioned.
- Watanabe Kazan (渡 辺 崋 山; 1793-1841 ) studied Western knowledge and was a Nanga painter. In painting, he was a student of Tani, directed the management of Tahara -han in the province of Mikawa. He was among the scholars who opposed the seclusion policy of the shogunate. As part of the cleanup Ansel 1859 he received house arrest in 1841 took the Laben.
- Tsubaki Chinzan (椿 椿 山; 1801-1854 ) was born in Edo, and was a member of a security service of the shogunate. He studied painting with Tani and Watanabe, also dealt with the style of the painter of the Qing period, Yun Nantian.
Finale
- Tomioka Tessai (富 冈 鉄 斎; 1836-1924 ) was born in Kyoto and studied teaching at National Okuni Takamasa, but also dealt with literature, Confucianism and Buddhism. After 1868, he became a priest at Isonokami or Otori Shrine. First, in Yamato -e style of painting he later turned to the Nanga painting.
Selection of images
Aoki: Landscape
Tani: Green landscape
Watanabe: Sato Isay
Tsubaki: Takaku Aegae
Tomioka Landscapes