National innovation system
The term National Innovation System (NIS ) refers to a network of institutions in government and business who are trying to interact to initiate innovations, promote and disseminate. The idea of a national innovation system was first developed by Friedrich List.
The innovation research examines the historical and international comparison, the different national contexts such as laws, standards and rehearsed routines, or about the clustering between the companies. However, regional differences in the efficiency of innovations are also being studied for example in Germany. In the current research determinants to characterize and to assess the quality of a NIS are sought, for example by indicators of system inputs and outputs - are measured. Under the direction of the OECD related indicators were standardized on an international scale.
Innovation policy strives to formulate and implement strategies that make the respective NIS under the given social, economic and political conditions optimal. Innovation policy displaced in this way more and more hitherto operated industrial policy and technology policy, and thus within the period of economic policies in a special form is a recent example of a more or less high degree of state interventionism dar. example is about how in this respect Japan of states within Asia is taken as a model for technology- led economic growth (eg South Korea) as well as outside of Asia. Particular problem here is the extent to which the nation-state strategies are not reduced by site - arbitrage transnational companies in their national wealth effect.