National Liberal Party (Denmark)
De National Liberal (Danish for " The National Liberals " ) were 1842-82 a flow in Danish politics. They were considered " grouping ", but had no party organization.
The flow originated when Orla Lehmann 1842, the Eider policy formulated. From the outset, the National Liberals feed received from a group yngre liberal ( "Younger liberals " ) called themselves, including Carl Ploug, decades of editor of the newspaper Fædrelandet and DG Monrad, the father of the Danish Constitution of 1849. Later, Carl Christian Hall pushed and Andreas Frederik Krieger added as leaders. These men were all born around 1810.
The flow originated among students and academics and was therefore often referred to as " Professor Party." In the 1840s, the party had particular supporters among merchants and younger officials. As opposition to the absolutism of the National Liberals demanded a liberal constitution. They were followers of Scandinavianism and the Eider policy.
Even in 1840 were most of the farmers behind the absolutism. The foundation of the bond even Nernes Selskab ( "Company of the Bauer Friends " ) in 1846 were the National Liberals successfully win the peasants to fight for the Constitution. However, the alliance in 1848 shook.
The National Liberals were leading role in the revolution of March 1848 in Denmark. The " March Ministry " was a coalition government ais the National Liberal and conservative personalities. In the fall of 1848, the National Liberals were pushed out of the government and formed the conservative " November Ministry ".
The Constituent Assembly Reich (The grundlovgivende rigsforsamling ) 1848-49 consisted of three approximately equal directions:
- The conservative højre
- The National Liberals
- The farmer friends (see above), which subsequently broke with the National Liberals and the later Venstre formed
A contentious issue in the national assembly was the composition of the new Reichstag. The farmer's friends wanted a unicameral system with universal suffrage. The højre wanted a bicameral system with privileged voting rights. Crucial the National Liberals were in the middle, who joined a compromise proposal which proposed two chambers with universal suffrage for the Folketing and privileged vote for the county council. Other items on the National Liberals had a decisive influence on the June Constitution of 1849.
1849-1857 were only a few National Liberal ministerial posts in the conservative governments. That should change in 1857, when Carl Christian Hall, a National Liberal government was formed, which was able to keep up with a short interruption until 31 December 1863. This time was the highlight of the National Liberals, by they could enforce many of the reforms they demanded in the 1840s.
As Hall in 1863 also took up the Eider policy again, began a national drama. The trigger of the November Constitution was German -Danish War of 1864. Denmark lost as a result of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia. The National Liberals, the debt has been pushed and they lost their reputation and their ministerial posts. D. G. Monrad even emigrated to New Zealand.
1865 formed Christian Emil Krag - Juel - Vind - Frijs, the leader of the National Godsejere ( "National landowner " ) government. The landowner should ask the Danish prime minister in a row for decades. With the constitutional amendment of 1866, she also received a decisive influence in the country Sting.
The National Liberals were sought an alliance with the landlords and were able to gain influence again. It was not until 1875, this coalition is widening again as Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup formed a pure landowner - government.
A much needed new generation at the National Liberals in 1866 failed, when was the Mellempartiet. Until the dissolution of the National Liberals, they were so influenced by the men of the founding generation.
The constitutional struggle that marked the end of the 19th century, the Danish policy was not intended by the National Liberals. 1882, she dissolved, and most members went to højre while DG Monrad the Venstre turned.
The National Liberals had a significant impact on public opinion and cultural life, which was marked by the National Romanticism. Only Viggo Hørup of Venstre created a strong opposition against it. With the support of the circle to Georg Brandes, he is able to restrict the national romantic influence.