National sports team

A team is a national team that represents a nation in international competitions. The term is used for both teams in team sports that participate together in an international match, as well as those in individual sports, in which the individual members of the team - sometimes even against each other - to participate in an international match, such as in athletics.

A special form of the national team is the Olympic Team, who is sent to the Olympics and consists of athletes of various sports.

History

The first official international match in the history of football took place between a Scottish and led by Cuthbert Ottaway English selection on 30 November 1872. In the 19th century denied the Welsh, Irish, American and Canadian national football team their first games that did not always have an official character and partly took place against club teams. In South America, it came in 1902 to a first comparison of the national teams of Uruguay and Argentina. In the same year made ​​his debut against Austria Hungary. In Oceania, the New Zealand national football team played its first match against a team of New South Wales. Switzerland and Germany came in 1908 for the first time with teams in appearance. The first international match between two Asian teams in 1913 fought between the Philippines and China. As the first African national team Egypt occurred in 1920 for the Olympic Games in Antwerp together.

As the first women's national football played in France in 1920 against an English selection. In Germany, where the football was still banned women's teams in 1955 by the Football Association, it was only in 1982 to form an official team.

At the Summer Olympics in Paris in 1900 were also team sports included in the program (football, Pelota, polo, rugby, water polo ) for the first time. This forced the formation of national teams. 1904 in St. Louis, there were contests in baseball, lacrosse, basketball, college football, water polo and football.

The first international match in handball history carried out as field handball match on September 13, 1925 Germany and Austria. As early as 1930 the first international match of the German women was held, also fought between Germany and Austria.

Appeal

The national team will be dispatched usually the national member association of the relevant international sports federation, in some states also by the competent Ministry for Sports. In individual sports, there is usually an objective nomination criteria (such as achieving certain standards or success in a qualifying competition ), in team sports are members of the national team in the squad due to individual performance appraisal by the competent national coach.

Olympic teams are determined by the National Olympic Committee. In Germany, by the German Olympic Sports Confederation. The member of a national team is called in Playing sports as a national player.

The membership of an athlete to a national team is mostly linked to the nationality of the country or to a local residence. A change from a national to another is usually associated with specific deadlines and requirements connected (eg approval of the issuing sports federation ), if it is at all possible. Provisions on this are established by the relevant international sports federation.

State, nation and national

In general, each state has only one national team in any sport. Since not all states are nation-states, but there are some exceptions, which are usually justified historically, politically or geographically. To include for example the football world governing body of 208 member associations, although there are only 194 sovereign states and some states are not a member of FIFA.

There are four national football teams in the UK. Of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Even in other sports such as cricket, curling, hockey or rugby, there is such or at least similar division in the UK. The national football teams of Hong Kong and Macao continue to exist even after the return of Hong Kong and Macao to China.

For nations without territory or for national minorities selected teams often have an important symbolic function, especially when there are strong secessionist aspirations. Thus, the selection of the FLN football campaigned on behalf of the Algerian independence movement Front de Libération Nationale ( FLN) as an ambassador of the Algerian nation during the Algerian War, 1958-1962 for the independence of the French colony of Algeria and for international support. Many non- sovereign territories strive to ensure that their national teams are recognized as national teams of the international sports federations. This applies for example to the Palestinian national football team, which can participate in official competitions organized by FIFA since 1998. Especially games of Tibetan football team are a political issue and are accompanied by protests of China. Frequently provide autonomous or semi-autonomous dependent territories that are far removed from the actual territory, their own national teams. From the FIFA inter alia, the national football teams of the Faroe Islands and New Caledonia are recognized. In such cases, the international sports federations decide not always consistent, so the Greenland national handball team is in official competitions eligible to start the football team is not.

There are also teams with players from more than one country, such as the West Indies in cricket or Ireland in cricket, rugby and International Rules Football (mixture of Australian Football and Gaelic Football ). The Iroquois Nationals represent the indigenous American people of the Iroquois in their national sport of Lacrosse. The Iroquois now live in Canada and in the United States, with team travel abroad, however, the players use their own passports of the Iroquois Confederacy.

Partial teams are limited to particular population groups. To take part in the Maccabiah only Jewish athlete participates.

At Olympic Games, there were repeated mixed teams with nationals of several independent states, such as the all-German team in 1956, 1960 and 1964 or the United team of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1992. 1992 took athletes from Yugoslavia, which was under United Nations sanctions, and 2000 such from East Timor, which was still under administration of the UN, as Independent Olympic participants in part.

Classification

In many sports there is stepped by age group teams. Thus, a U- 21 team for players under the age of 21 is formed in soccer, among other things, in many sports, there are teams for Juniors ( U19) and young adults ( under 23 ). In common usage, the first choice team of adults is called (also A- selection) without age restriction as national team in the rule.

Clothing

Teams have a uniform sportswear, which is called the National jersey with the (mostly ) national emblem of their country, and often held in the colors of the national flag. The colors of the jerseys of the National sports teams of the Federal Republic of Germany is traditionally in many sports in black pants and white shirt with a red chest ring, federal eagle and an inscription of the seconding Sports Association, for example, German Football Association (DFB ). This black and white combination is based on the black -white- red flag of the German Empire in 1871., The national teams of the GDR were mostly in blue jerseys. Often the national jersey also contains the badge of the seconding Sports Association.

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