Nâzım Hikmet Ran

Nâzım Hikmet ( Ran ) [ na ː zɯm hikmet ] ( born January 15, 1902 in Thessaloniki, † June 3, 1963 in Moscow) was a Turkish poet and playwright. He is considered the founder of modern Turkish poetry and one of the most important Turkish poets.

Life

Nâzım Hikmet was born in 1902 in Thessaloniki, the son of an official of the Foreign Ministry; his birth date is sometimes listed with the November 20, 1901, although there are discrepancies as to the actual date. He mostly grew up with his grandfather, who was governor of the Sultan, in Aleppo and Diyarbakir later. His family gave him plenty of intellectual inspiration and he wrote his first poem at age 11 ( Cry of the home ).

The ancestors were part of Polish and German descent. A maternal great-grandfather was born as Karl Detroit in Magdeburg Chief of Staff of the Ottoman army, Mehmed Ali Pasha. 1917 Hikmet went to Istanbul at the Naval Academy, the October Revolution impressed him very much. In 1918, his parents divorced. The following year, he defied the officers who had surrendered to the occupation forces; He was released on charges of inciting riots and participated in the sequence of events of the liberation movement.

In 1921 he fled from occupied Istanbul and traveled with his friend Vala Nurettin Anatolia, where she studied as contact with the "simple people" also to socialist organizations. In the same year they were sent as a teacher to Bolu. End of the year both traveled illegally in the young Soviet Union, where they experienced the famine in the rural areas of southern Russia. In Moscow Hikmet studied sociology and art history at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East, and had contacts with the Soviet Futurists. Especially Sergei Yesenin and Vladimir Mayakovsky Hikmet's poetry influenced. Since 1924 he was a member of Turkey ( TKP ) of the illegal Communist Party. For his political beliefs and participation in the journal Aydınlık he was persecuted upon return to Turkey. In 1925, he fled again to Moscow; while attempting to return, he was arrested and imprisoned in 1928 for eight months. His mistress Lena could not follow in Turkey and died shortly after him. As of 1929, Hikmet became a successful author despite government repression. As a result, his writings have been repeatedly censored and he himself imprisoned. 1933 to 1935 he was again imprisoned in Bursa, there was The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin. In 1936 he married Piraye.

In a political trial, he was convicted in 1938 by a military court to 28 years in prison; Moreover, a publication ban was imposed on him. In prison, he was unbroken productive and has translated War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. Mid-1940s, he fell in love Münevver and wrote love poems and letters on them. In the late 1940s his health deteriorated dramatically.

Hikmet was pardoned in 1950 after a hunger strike and international protests in a general amnesty. He began to secure the livelihood writing screenplays. He married Münevver; Beginning of 1951 their son Mehmet was born. Nâzım Hikmet but had to again - and this time for good - to flee to Moscow after his 49 - year the draft was sent for military service. In the same year he divorced. In Moscow he belonged to the intellectual prominence and he traveled in the coming years, especially the Eastern Bloc. In 1959 he married Vera Tuljakowa. Münevver Mehmet and he saw only briefly in 1961 during a visit to Warsaw. On June 3, 1963, he died in Moscow, where he is also buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Until 1965, the strict publication ban in Turkey was on. On 6 January 2009, the expatriate poet 's lifetime posthumously received back Turkish citizenship.

Although Hikmet's major works were created before the last exile in Moscow, he was ignored in the West or decades. During 1959 a first book of poems Hikmet appeared in the GDR in German translation, he was known by the end of the 1970s only three poems in Western Germany, the Hans Magnus Enzensberger had added to his museum of modern poetry in 1960. Eleven other poems were published in 1971 Modern Turkish Poetry in Yüksel Pazarkayas collection.

Creation

Nâzım Hikmet, despite persecution, exile publication ban and managed to dominate the Turkish literature sustainable. This also means that it overcomes the Ottoman verse and receives diverse (especially Soviet ) influences of modernity. He always pushes in addition to a social revolutionary pathos from a home connection with the common people and at the same time a rejection of any romanticized Orientalism.

Even with dramatic works Hikmet has made ​​a name on the goods station, blood revenge, Fatima and Ali, Legend of Love and Joseph in the land of Egypt established his fame; Another important pieces are for example A comical man (1953) and Ivan Ivanovich has really lived? (1955)

Other important works are Hikmet:

• Why Benerci killed himself? (1932 )
• The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin (1933 )
• People Landscapes (1938 ff )
• The Romantics (1963 )

In German, is - among other things by Hannes Wader - the last verse from one of the most famous poems Hikmet, Davet ( invitation ) is particularly known:

Yasamak bir ağaç gibi ve ve bir tek hür orman gibi kardeşçesine, bu hasret bizim.

Life individually and freely like a tree and thereby brotherhood like a forest, this yearning is ours.

( literal translation: life is like a tree, individually and freely, and brotherhood like a forest that is our desire. )

From the internationally renowned Turkish pianist and composer Fazil Say 2001, an orchestral work on texts of Nâzım Hikmet has been created.

Works (selection)

• N. Hikmet: his 100th birthday NAZIM HIKMET, Doğumunun 100 Yıldönümünde NAZIM Hikmet. Anadolu Verlag, GER 2002, ISBN 3-86121-196-3
• N. Hikmet: The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin, son of Kadis of Simavne - Simavne Kadısı oglu Şeyh Bedreddin destani. Ararat -Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-921889 -09- X
• N. Hikmet: Why Benerci killed himself? Gedichte2. - Benerci kendini nisin Öldürdü? şiirler2. ADAM, İstanbul, 1987, ISBN 975-418-017-2
• N. Hikmet: A journey of no return - Dönüşü olmayan Yolculuk. Poetry and poems. Dagyeli, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-89329-108-3
• N. Hikmet: The most beautiful sea has not yet traveled - En Güzel Deniz Henüz Gidilememiş Olanıdır. Love poems. Dagyeli, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-89329-115-6
• N. Hikmet: The air is heavy as lead - Hava Kurşun Gibi Agir. Poems. 2nd edition. Dagyeli, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-89329-105-9
• N. Hikmet: The names of longing - Hasretlerin Adı. Amman Verlag, Zurich 2008, ISBN 978-3-250-10440-7
• N. Hikmet: How does the raven came in a splinter - Ayağına Thicknesses Batan Karga. Fairy tales. Elephant -Press children's book, Berlin 1980 ISBN 3-88520-043-0.
• The Romantics. Man, life is beautiful! - Yasamak güzel şey be kardesim. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-518-22436-6.