Nea Kameni

Nea Kameni (Greek Νέα Καμένη ( f sg ), new Burned ') is an uninhabited Greek volcanic island in the southern Aegean Sea, the administratively to the municipality of Thira within the region South Aegean ( Περιφέρεια Νότιου Αιγαίου ) belongs. The island is located in the caldera of Santorini, about 1430 meters west of the main island of Thira. Approximately 280 meters southwest of Nea Kameni is the older Palea Kameni island neighbor.

Nea Kameni is nearly round and, in an area of ​​3.338 km ² has a diameter of about 2 kilometers. The almost vegetation-free island is approached during the season by numerous tourist boats. Visitors climb on a rather arduous journey the 127 meter high volcanic crater, rising from the constantly sulphurous smoke, which transforms the surroundings into a "yellow desert."

Genesis

After the collapse of the volcano of Thera as a result of the Minoan eruption in the second half of the 17th century BC the caldera between Fira, Thirasia and Aspronisi filled with sea water. It was not until around the year 197 BC, the ruler of Philip V of Macedonia, is a first, the great eruption following overseas activity of the volcano known (after Forsyth 198/97, according to Guido Boni et al 199/98 BC. ). There was the island Hiera or Iera ( Ἱέρα, the Holy '), also automats ( Αὐτομάτη ) called, later reported by the Strabo, she had a total of 12 stages ( about 2.2 miles) had. The Rhodians built on it a temple of Poseidon Asphalios. Hiera was approximately at the height of the northeast corner of present-day island of Nea Kameni, but sank again and was for many years a cliff ( Ύφαλος Μπάγκος ).

In the years 46 and 47 AD, the volcano was active again and formed the island Theia or thia ( Θεία, the Divine '), today the main part of Palea Kameni ( Παλαιά Καμένι, old Burned '). The outbreak of 726 expanded the island to the lava flow of Agios Nikolaos ( Άγιος Νικόλαος ) in the north. From 1570 to 1573 the island Mikri Kameni was ( Μικρή Καμένη, small Burned '), which is a component of Nea Kameni today. The oldest part of Nea Kameni located in the north of the island, on the southern edge of the Erinia Bay ( Ερινιά ) where the cruise ships call at the volcanic island. 1707-1711 are the actual birth years of Nea Kameni. Immediately southwest of Mikri Kameni was formed a volcanic island, about the size of Palea Kameni, which makes up the north-western part of Nea Kameni today. Mikri Kameni to but there was no land connection. The outbreak was above the Vulkano Bay ( Όρμος Βουλκάνου ) and spilled out to the northwest and west.

1866-1870 extended an outgoing of the Vulkano Bay outbreak, the island of Nea Kameni considerably to the southeast and southwest by the lava flow Georgios ( Λάβες Γεώργιου ) and Afroessa ( Λάβες Αφρόεσσας ). At the same time Agios Georgios Bay ( Όρμος Αγίου Γεωργίου ) formed in the west and the two May Islands ( Νησίδες Μάη ) in the Southwest that were later flooded again. The outbreak from 1925 to 1928 from the Dafni crater ( Κρατήρες Δάφνης ) made ​​the connection of Nea Kameni to Mikri Kameni ago. The spreading to the north and northeast Dafni lava flow ( Λάβες Δάφνης ) enclosed the smaller neighboring island and made it with this the Erinia Bay in the northern part of the now only called Nea Kameni volcano island.

The last major volcanic eruptions of Nea Kameni dated to the mid-20th century. From 1939 to 1941, the lava flows poured Niki ( Νίκη ) to the east, Fouqué ( Φουκέ ) to the north and Ktenas ( Κτενάς ), Reck ( Ρεκ ) and Smith ( Σμιθ ) to the west and southwest, where they filled the Agios Georgios Bay. In August 1940, formed by two hydrothermal eruptions below the 127 -meter peak in 1866 resulting Georgios Dome of the central crater with its twin fumaroles on the east side. To the east, which in 1941 formed Niki dome. A smaller outbreak in 1950 led to the formation of Liatsikas - lava flow ( Λάβες Λιάτσικα ) on the southeast side of the summit. Since that time the volcano is inactive, you can see from the exiting in the upper twin craters 75 to 95 ° C hot gases from, which consist of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and in extremely small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide and methane.

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