Neomycin

  • O -2 ,6- diamino-2 ,6- dideoxy- α -D-glucopyranosyl - ( 1 → 4) - O-[ O -2 ,6- diamino- 2,6- dideoxy- β -L- idopyranosyl - ( 1 → 3) - β -D - ribofuranosyl - (1 → 5)] - 2 -D - deosxy streptamin
  • (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R )-5 -amino-2 - (aminomethyl ) -6 - [( 2R, 3R, 4R, 5S ) - 5 - [( 1S, ​​2R, 3S, 5R, 6S) - 3,5-diamino- 2 - [( 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R)- 3-amino- 6 - ( aminomethyl) -4,5- dihydroxy- dioxane -2-yl ] oxy -6-hydroxy -cyclohexyl ] oxy -4-hydroxy -2-( hydroxymethyl) oxolane -3-yl ] oxy - dioxane - 3 ,4-diol
  • J01GB05
  • A01AB08 A07AA01
  • B05CA09 B06AC04
  • G01AA14
  • R02AB01
  • S01AA03 S02AA07
  • S03AA01

Antibiotic aminoglycosides

Soluble in water (6 g · l-1 as sulphate)

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Neomycin ( INN) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the group of aminoglycosides against Gram-positive and especially Gram- negative bacteria. It closely resembles the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin.

Chemistry

Neomycin was the first time in 1949 in the group of Selman Waksman from Streptomyces ( Streptomyces fradiae ) isolated. It consists of three components: A neomycin ( neamine ), Neomycin B ( Framycetin ), and C. The main component, neomycin, neomycin B, and C are stereoisomers neomycin. A neomycin is an ineffective hydrolytic degradation product of both isomers.

Mechanism of action

Neomycin blocked the protein synthesis of susceptible bacteria by binding to the 30S subunit of the 70S ribosome. There is a complete cross-resistance with kanamycin, some with gentamicin.

Uses and preparations

Human Medicine

Neomycin is used as the sulfate salt only locally in skin and mucous membrane infections, wounds and burns in the form of drops, creams and ointments. For the treatment of bladder and urinary tract infections in catheter carriers or after urological operations are sterile solutions for instillation into the bladder available.

Besides being used in HRT, it happens in many combination products.

Veterinary Medicine

In addition to the treatment of skin diseases, eye infections and mastitis neomycin applied to domestic animals to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as it is absorbed in the gut of only about 3%.

Contraindications and side effects

Neomycin is relatively toxic and should not be used in neomycin - sensitive patients and in larger wounds. A combination with other aminoglycoside and neurotoxic antibiotics should also be avoided.

A superficial application may (rarely ) allergic reactions occur.

Trade names

Cysto - Myacyne (D), Myacyne (D), Uro- Nebacetin (D), Vagicillin (D)

Baneocin (A), Baneopol (CH ) Betnovate (CH), Cicatrx (CH), Cortidexason comp. (D), Corti fluid (CH), Dexa - Polyspectran (D), Dispadex comp. (D), FML -Neo (CH), Isopto -Max (D), Yellin - neomycin ( D), Maxitrol (CH), Mycinopred (CH), Mycolog (CH), Nebacetin (D), Néocônes (CH), Neo - Hydro ( CH), Neosporin (CH), Neotracin (CH), Otosporin (CH), Panotile (CH), Pivalone comp. (CH), POlydexa (CH), Polyspectran (D), Spersapolymyxin (CH), Synalar (CH), Topsym polyvalent (CH),

CAS registry number PubChem Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System DrugBank Hydrolysis Allergy
344599
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