Nicolaes Tulp
Nicolaes Tulp ( born October 9, 1593 in Amsterdam, † September 12, 1674 ibid; native Claes Pieterszoon ) was a Dutch surgeon and one of the most famous physicians of the 17th century as well as mayors in Amsterdam.
Life
The founder of the family Tulp was named Claas Pieterszoon the fourth child of cloth merchant Pieter Dirckszoon and his wife Gherytgen Dircksdr. Poelenburch born. He studied medicine, he completed 1611-1614 at Leiden University and received his doctorate on September 30, 1614. When he moved back to Amsterdam in a house on the Keizersgracht, he changed his surname to Tulp ( holl: tulip ), as was a sign with a tulip in front of the house. His first name he changed also by Claes in the long form Nicolaes. He made the tulip to his family crest. In 1617 he married Eva van der Voech. As a physician, but also by the influence of the City Council since 1622, he soon made a name for itself in the growing city. Thanks to his good contacts Tulp 1628 to Praelector Anatomiae ( lecturer in anatomy) at the college of surgeons in Amsterdam with lectures at the Waag in Amsterdam. When his wife Eva died the same year, she left him five children together. In 1630 he married Magaretha de Vlaming van Oudshoorn, the daughter of the Mayor Dirck de Vlaming van Oudshoorn, who bore him three more children.
Tulps son Diederick married Anna Burgh, the daughter of the Amsterdam mayor Albert Burgh, his daughter Margaretha married Jan Six. 1673 was Tulp deputy in The Hague, where he died in 1674. His body is buried in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. In addition to Dr. Tulp Rembrandt's well-known work, is in the collection of Jan Six in Amsterdam the portrait of Tulp family, which was painted in 1635 by Nicolaes Eliaszoon Pickenoy.
Work
Its held annually in the winter months anatomical demonstrations on cadavers publicly executed persons in the Theatrum anatomicum (Latin: anatomical theater ) were very popular and were carried out with the consent of the Court not only from doctors and local politicians, but also in the eyes of a paying audience in the rearmost row. At this time autopsies and dissections in Europe were allowed only in male criminals and away from the church. The smell of decay of the bodies was covered by herbs and incense, while the lectures was music played, ate and drank. The demonstrations were primarily the exchange of anatomical knowledge of the present prominent physician, but also a gala dinner of the Amsterdam surgeons and judges were funded by the entrance fees. After these lectures of 16 January 1632 the portrait of Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp The emerged.
Tulp was also responsible for the control of the local pharmacies, who possessed a rich spectrum of herbs and spices of the Eastern world thanks to the good sea connections. After the outbreak of the plague in the city in 1635 Tulp, decided to fight together with the skilled artisan of his acquaintance the disease. She authored the 1636 Pharmacopoeia Amstelredamensis, the first pharmacopoeia of the city, which required a uniform preparation of medicines and became the standard work and example of other Dutch pharmacopoeia.
Dr. Tulp 1641 published his work Observationeum medicarum libris tres (Latin: Medical observations), whose first edition was dedicated to his son Pieter, who had just brought in suffering his medical studies to an end. Because of his death devoted Tulp also the second edition of his son. He wrote the work consciously in Latin, to keep the people of pseudo-medical consequences. The book describes in detail 231 cases observed by his sufferings and death, among other things, of dissected animals from the Dutch colonies, which was considered by many as the " Book of the Beast". Tulp described in detail, among other things, the phenomenon now known as migraine and probably the cluster headache, the negative effects of smoking on the lungs and in the approach, the findings on the psychological effect of the placebo effect. Furthermore Tulp 1639 first discovered the human lymphatic vessels and ignorant of the ileocecal valve ileocecal Caspar. His description of symptoms of beriberi disease in a sailor was not pursued.
Mayor
As a local, he was in 1654 for four legislative sessions mayor of Amsterdam.