Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (* February 16, 1727 in Leiden, † October 26, 1817 in Vienna ) was an Austrian botanist and chemist. He practiced from 1752 in Vienna as a doctor. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Jacq. ".

Life

Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin toured from 1754 to 1759 the West Indies, to collect there new plants for the imperial gardens of Vienna and Schonbrunn Palace. After his return, he was from 1763 to 1768 professor of chemistry and mineralogy in Schemnitz, from 1769 professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Vienna, also also director of the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna and later the Imperial gardens of Schönbrunn Palace. He introduced experimental methods in chemistry and was instrumental in the introduction of the classification system of Linnaeus in the territory of the Habsburg monarchy. He went into retirement in 1797, was raised in 1806 in a baron and was awarded the Order of Stephan. His son Joseph Franz von Jacquin was also a professor of botany.

In honor of Jacquin a painting was commissioned after his death by the University of Vienna. The Viennese flower painter Johann Knapp created the tribute to Jacquin (1821 /22), an exceptional picture, on the exact manner in botanical plants are shown, which were described by Jacquin (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie ).

It lies in the Catholic cemetery of Vienna Matzleinsdorf (now Waldmüllerpark ) buried. In 1875 in Vienna Landstrasse (3rd district) was named Jacquingasse after him.

Performance

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin is the first to describe many plants, fungi and animals. In botany and mycology its name with " Jacq. ", Abbreviated in zoology with " Jacquin ".

After Jacquin named taxa

A genus of Theophrastaceae is named after him Jacquinia L.; a genus of Orchidaceae is after him Jacquiniella Schltr. named. In addition, the mountain - pointed keel bears ( Oxytropis jacquinii Bunge) his name. According to IPNI wear 65 species the eponyms jacquiniana, jacquinianum or jacquinianus.

Honors

In his death in 1817 was a commemorative medal, bronze, 65 mm, made ​​of Joseph Daniel Boehm. Literature: Brettauer 555

In 1905 the University of Vienna was unveiled in his honor a bust of Leopold Schrödl in the Arcade.

On 23 February 2011, a 20 € - coin was issued in honor of the researcher in Austria. The fineness of the silver is 900 thousandths, and the diameter of the coin 34 millimeters.

Writings

  • Fauna austriaca (Vienna 1773-78, several volumes, with 450 colored plates )
  • Selectarum stirpium americanum historia (Vienna, 1763 and 1780, with 264 colored plates )
  • Observationes Botanicae (Vienna, 1764, 4 volumes with 100 plates )
  • Icones plantarum rariorum (Vienna, 1781-1793, 3 volumes with 648 colored illustrations ); online
  • Rudiments of medico - practischen Chemistry more: For use of his lectures (Vienna, 1783) Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Noble 's rudiments of medico - practischen Chemistry more: for the use of his lectures. Wappler, Vienna 2nd edition 1785 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Collectanea ad botanicam, chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia (Vienna, 1786-96 )
  • Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis (1770-1776, 5 ​​volumes, 300 illustrations )
  • Plantarum Horti rariorum Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones (1797-1804, 4 volumes with 500 plates )
Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary International Plant Names Index Constantin von Wurzbach Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Neue Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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