Noctuinae

Hellrandige Erdeule ( Ochropleura plecta )

The Noctuinae are a subfamily of butterflies from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ).

Features

The small to medium-sized species of Noctuinae become the trifine ( " TriFin " refers to a certain form of Vorderflügeladerung ) owl butterflies with spurred rails ( tibia ) and naked unbewimperten ommatidia counted. The fore wings are narrow and usually have an angled outer edge. The autapomorphies, which presumably distinguish the subfamily from the rest of the cutworm, include the absence of the basal olfactory organs on the abdomen in the males of most species. Moreover, the Caterpillars in the first stage of the sclerotized Pinacula thickened club-shaped bristles.

Way of life

At rest, the imagines of the most trifine Eulenfalter sit with roof-like over the abdomen folded wings. Here, the trailing edges of the front wings meet in the middle above the abdomen or slightly overlapping in Analwinkel ( Tornus ). The Noctuinae but the wings are flat and horizontally across the abdomen and overlap so strong that the leading edges of the front wings are almost parallel to the midline of the abdomen. This is probably another autapomorphy of the subfamily dar.

The caterpillars are polyphagous and usually feed on herbaceous angiosperms. Older caterpillars hide during the day in the soil or herbaceous plants with broad leaves. They are nocturnal and cut with their mouthparts parts of plants from which they eat in their shelter. This behavior include some species, such as several members of the genera Agrotis and Euxoa to dreaded pests in agriculture. For example, widespread in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zone, black cutworm ( Agrotis ipsilon ) and the Saateule ( Agrotis segetum ) pests on a variety of agricultural crops. Agrotis infusa and Agrotis munda cause in Australia in agriculture, major damage. A particular problem is also that the caterpillars damage the plants basal and cut the overlying portions of the supply, so that the plants die quickly. Agrotis infusa is also known for its hiking and associated aggregation behavior in the southeast of Australia. This behavior is also seen in some species of the tribe Agrotini in the west of North America.

System

Overall, the family will be allocated about 300 genera. In Europe, occur about 1300 species and subspecies in Central Europe there are 117 species. Currently, of Lafontaine and Fiebiger (2006 ) the following tribe and subtribe within the subfamily, of which only the tribe Agrotini probably monophyletic:

  • Tribus Agrotini Rambur, 1848 Subtribe Austrandesiina Angulo & Olivares, 1990
  • Subtribe Agro Tina Rambur, 1848
  • Subtribe Axyliina Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
  • Subtribe Noctuina Latreille, 1809

The subfamilies Noctuinae, Xyleninae and Hadeninae are related probably next and together form a sister group that is called " Noctuinae sl". However, their kinship is both to each other, as yet not fully explored in relation to the other subfamilies of cutworms.

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