Noise regulation

When all noise abatement measures that reduce the noise impact on the environment, and in particular the people are. The goal is the prevention of damage to health from noise. Lärmbekämpfende measures depend on the noise level ( in particular, the sound pressure level ), the duration of action, pitch, tonality and impulsiveness.

Approaches

In the spatial approach of noise abatement is divided into:

  • Measures of noise at source ( cause of noise) noise avoidance and noise reduction ( active measures )
  • Measures on the noise sink ( receiver noise ) noise protection or noise reduction (passive measures)

For road traffic noise both types of noise abatement can be found by way of example: Flüsterbeläge act lärmvermindernd, noise barriers noise act protectively.

When technological approach of noise abatement is divided into:

  • Directly generated airborne noise (primary mechanisms ) and
  • Indirectly generated airborne noise (secondary mechanisms )

Directly generated airborne noise generated without the involvement of structure-borne noise; for example in a jet engine. When indirectly generated airborne sound body sound is generated in a structure by a force excitation initially. This propagates in the structure. Airborne noise is then radiated by vibration of the surface of the structure.

When directly generated airborne sound swirling of the air must be kept low for noise reduction. It is particularly important to ensure that components are not supplied by turbulent flow; see aeroacoustics.

When indirectly generated airborne noise can be attached at various points. First, the force curve can be influenced so that it picks up as few natural frequencies of the component. This is always the case when there is no steep jumps force or force peaks are present. Furthermore, the input impedance of the component can be increased, for example due to increased mass of the force introduction point. Finally, the structure itself may be damped, for example by heavy sound deadening mats or sandwich panels.

Measures

Measures of noise at source

  • Fanless design of computers,
  • Spindle - less design of computers, for example, no spinning hard drive, instead using flash memory,
  • Use of plain bearings instead of roller bearings,
  • Umwendelung of vehicle antennas to avoid whistling ( Kármán vortex street )
  • Silencer,
  • Speed ​​limits for vehicles
  • Road surfaces made ​​of concrete or asphalt up to Flüsterbelag. The aim is on the one hand the level of the noise level (volume) and, secondly, the impulsiveness of the sound, for example, by the removal of stone paving and joints is reduced.
  • Noise barrier or noise protection enclosure directly to the noise source
  • Anti-noise

Measures on the noise sink

  • Noise barrier and residential areas, including from noise sources
  • Traffic areas
  • Speed limits
  • Hearing Protection ( " ear plugs " )
  • Soundproof windows
  • Anti-noise

Social measures

A change in the behavior of operators noise generating devices and systems is part of the technical noise abatement. They serve to clarify, preparation and evaluation of noise abatement measures and can, for example the waiver noise -generating devices or cause replacement by low-noise devices.

The education of the population, affected noise, noise polluters and regulatory authorities in regard to the effect of noise ( Health Education ), causes and measures against noise affects the behavior of all parties involved. These include:

  • Creating noise maps for the information of the population and authorities
  • Creating noise action plans, such as with citizen participation
  • Noise Awareness Day, the German version of the international noise awareness days, which is organized by the German Society of Acoustics.
  • Citizens' Forums
  • Organizations that specialize in noise control: multidisciplinary environmental organizations
  • Trade associations: German Acoustical Society
  • League against the noise

Legal bases for the definition of noise and its control

In addition to the definition and enforcement of legal provisions in the context of environmental law also includes the revision and adaptation of the current laws and regulations on the measures. The following list names just a few examples:

  • The Noise Regulations ( LSV ) of cities and towns,
  • In Germany, the sixth part of the Federal Pollution Control Act ( Federal Pollution Control Act - Law on Protection against harmful effects of air pollution, noise, vibration and similar phenomena ) and with its individual regulations
  • The EU Environmental Noise Directive
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