Notodontidae

Camel tooth Spinner ( Ptilodon capucina )

The tooth Spinner ( Notodontidae ) are a family of butterflies ( moths ). They are found worldwide with about 2,500 to 3,000 species.

Description

The medium to large butterflies in Europe reach a wingspan 24-68 mm and have a moderate to strong built body. Their front wings are about two to 2.5 times as long as wide. The hind wings are rounded approximately the same width as the front wings and wide. Their antennae are short and do not reach half of the forewing length. In the males, they are pinnate or combed conspicuously long, usually pinnate filiform or short in the females. Their proboscis is fully developed, but there are also ways in which it is reduced or absent. The Maxillarpalpen are very small or absent, the labial palps are well developed or short and regressed. Only a few species have in addition to the compound eyes also regressed simple eyes ( ocelli ). Belly side on the metathorax the animals Tympanalorgane.

Characteristic of many species is a tooth-shaped bulge on the inner edge of the forewing.

The forewings have 11 or 12 wing veins with a (1b ) or two ( 1c and 1c) Analadern. The hind wings have 7-9 veins and one or two Analadern 1b or 1a and 1b.

The caterpillars are very different in their appearance. They have four pairs of legs and belly the Nachschieber, but this can also be modified to tail -like filaments, such as the Great -tailed ( Cerura vinula ). Most caterpillars bear spines, appendages or long hair that are formed by many as stinging hairs. Some species have strongly developed mandibles.

Way of life

Tooth caterpillars develop mainly on shrubs and trees, rather than on herbaceous plants. Only the types of Dioptinae live in the latter. You can easily crush the tough leaves with their powerful mandibles. They live either individually or in large groups, sometimes in cocoons, such as some processionary moth, of which some species are known for their bizarre processions, when they are looking for new fodder crops.

Some caterpillars have developed defense mechanisms against predators and parasitoids. For some, it is possible to separate out formic acid or ketones, still others try enemies by acting bizarre protuberances on the abdomen end deter.

Typical of the butterfly is a behavior that Rindenmimese is called. The moths rest during the day with imbricated beaten wings on tree trunks or branches. They resemble it in color and shape of the cortex. And the reeling of the caterpillars are occasionally not be distinguished from the bark.

System

The dental Spinner family comes across Europe before with 98 species and sub- species, of which 37 species occur in Central Europe. by some authors, the processionary moth ( Thaumetopoeinae ) as a separate family ( Thaumetopoeidae ) are considered. The family is divided by Fibiger and Lafontaine in 10 subfamilies

  • Subfamily processionary moth ( Thaumetopoeinae Aurivillius, 1889) Pine processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea pityocampa ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH
  • Oak processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea processionea ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Pine processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea pinivora ) ( Treitschke, 1834) D
  • Subfamily Pygaerinae Duponchel, 1845 Drake tail Raufußspinner or drakes tail ( Clostera curtula ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Small Raufußspinner or aspen Spinner ( Clostera pigra ) ( Hufnagel, 1766 ) A, CH, D
  • Schwarzgefleckter Raufußspinner or hermit ( Clostera anachoreta ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Rust Brown Raufußspinner or willow moth ( Clostera anastomosis ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Subfamily Platychasmatinae Nakamura, 1956
  • Subfamily Notodontinae Stephens, 1829 Large -tailed ( Cerura vinula ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • White -tailed or ermine moth ( Cerura erminea ) ( Esper, 1783) A, CH, D
  • Book - tailed ( furcula furcula ) ( Clerck, 1759) A, CH, D
  • Birch -tailed ( furcula bicuspid ) ( Borkhausen, 1790) A, CH, D
  • Little Forktail ( furcula bifida ) ( Brahm, 1787) A, CH, D
  • Elm Spinner ( Dicranura ulmi ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH
  • Dromedary - tooth spinner or alder tooth Spinner ( Notodonta dromedarius) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Yellow brown tooth Spinner ( Notodonta torva ) ( Hübner, 1803) A, CH, D
  • Aspen dental Spinner ( Notodonta tritophus ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Zigzag Spinner ( Notodonta ziczac ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Ungefleckter tooth Spinner ( Drymonia Dodonaea ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Dark gray tooth Spinner ( Drymonia ruficornis ) ( Hufnagel, 1766 ) A, CH, D
  • Schwarzeck - tooth Spinner ( Drymonia obliterata ) ( Esper, 1785), A, CH, D
  • White Tie- tooth Spinner ( Drymonia querna ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Southern Dental Spinner ( Drymonia velitaris ) ( Hifnagel, 1766 ) A, CH, D
  • Poplar tooth Spinner ( Pheosia tremula ) ( Clerck, 1759) A, CH, D
  • Birch tooth Spinner ( Pheosia gnoma ) ( Fabricius, 1776) A, CH, D
  • White tooth Spinner ( Leucodonta bicoloria ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Cardboard Lauenburg - tooth Spinner ( Gluphisia crenata ) ( Esper, 1785), A, CH, D
  • Camel tooth Spinner ( Ptilodon capucina ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Maple Dental Spinner ( Ptilodon cucullina ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Palps toothed Spinner ( Pterostoma palpina ) ( Clerck, 1759) A, CH, D
  • Hair dandruff dental Spinner ( Ptilophora plumigera ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Ptilophora nanlingensis Liusheng Chen, Guohua Huang, Min Wang, 2010
  • Monk tooth Spinner ( Odontosia carmelita ) ( Esper, 1799) A, CH, D
  • Subfamily Phalerinae Butler, 1886 Moon bird or Mondfleck ( Phalera bucephala ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Phalera bucephaloides ( Ochsenheimer, 1810) A
  • Oak Dental Spinner ( Peridea anceps ) ( Goeze, 1781) A, CH, D
  • Subfamily Dudusinae Matsumura, 1925
  • Subfamily Hemiceratinae Guenée, 1852
  • Subfamily Heterocampinae Neumogen & Dyar, 1894 Book - tooth Spinner ( Stauropus fagi ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Parchment Spinner ( Harpyia milhauseri ) ( Fabricius, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Silver stain - toothed Spinner ( Spatalia argentina ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775) A, CH, D
  • Subfamily Nystaleinae Forbes, 1948
  • Subfamily Dioptinae Walker, 1862

Swell

Coxcomb Prominent Glossata Noctuoidea James Francis Stephens Urticating hair Mandible (insect mouthpart) Furcula bicuspis Lobster Moth
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