Nowa Huta
Nowa Huta [' nɔva ' xuta ] ( German Neue Hütte ) is a district of Krakow ( Poland).
The working-class town in the eastern part of Krakow has about 220,000 inhabitants. The city was founded in 1949 as the site of an Iron and Steel Combine.
The plans for the construction of Nowa Huta were here even before the Soviet influence, due to the low road and rail connections to Ukraine and the rest of the Soviet Union of the site east of Cracow against the Polish ideas of a placement was closer to Silesia but ultimately favored and the construction $ supported by the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance with converted 450 million.
In addition to economic purposes of setting it up also met political: The Communist regime in Poland wanted to create a new working center near the Catholic-conservative and the new system rejection of Krakow. Nowa Huta was to follow as planned city of socialist ideology. The floor plan of the city, after the absolutist Gänsefußmuster (French: patte d' oie ) has five radiating out from a central square main avenues, however, testifies to the similarity of the Stalinist Baugestus the princely representation of absolutism. The build quality of the first construction phase, compared to later housing estates, be described as good, there is a certain resemblance to the Viennese council of Red Vienna during the interwar period and the neoclassicism of the 1930s.
There are still social conflicts between the intellectual Krakow and the people working in Nowa Huta. Despite the good and fast connection in Krakow's Nowa Huta the center of a resident only visited an average of twice a year, the City of Kraków; Reason for this is that Nowa Huta was planned as a separate town and therefore has all utilities.
Architectural History
Nowa Huta was built in the form of a half octagon with a central square, branching from the four main roads and an avenue for pedestrians ( Aleja Róż ).
The city was known by the dispute over the construction of a church. From the above- mentioned political reasons the Communist regime wanted a religion-free city; However, the then Archbishop of Krakow and later Pope Karol Wojtyła reached the completion of the church of Our Lady, Queen of Poland in protracted, passive resistance in 1977.
The architectural form of the church symbolizes the stranded Noah's Ark on Mount Ararat and the Church of Notre Dame du Haut by Le Corbusier in Ronchamp is modeled. Architect of the church is Wojciech Pietrzyk. The organ building led Prof. Jan jargon.
Politics and Society
Nowa Huta was already in the first decade after its creation, a venue socialism critical battles. These were sparked in particular to the disputes over the building of the church, but also attacked other social issues. The 1970s were the most economically successful years in Nowa Huta, where the increase in steel production had a positive impact on employment and the living standards of workers. Due to the political events after birth of the Solidarity in Poland since the beginning of the 1980s, and in particular the economic restructuring and devaluation of industrial labor after 1989 can be observed just in Nowa Huta, a resolution of the built social structures.