NPR

NPR (formerly National Public Radio ) is a public, loosely organized cooperation of radio stations in the USA. It was launched in 1967 as a result of the Public Broadcasting Act and established a co-operation of non-commercial radio stations. The structures differ materially from public broadcasting, for example, in Germany and are more in the independent radio stations. The connected stations are legally and financially independent.

History

NPR was founded on 24 February 1970, 90 public radio stations as registered members. Currently take about 800 stations in the U.S. parts or the entire mantle program of NPR.

The headquarters is located in Washington, DC. Since late 2002, there is a production facility in Culver City, California, to be better represented on the west coast (NPR West).

NPR forms a counterpoint to the many commercial news organizations in the U.S., the format " Talk" operate primarily and predominantly lean towards the right spectrum. This applies to almost all social issues.

The counterpart to NPR on TV is the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).

Program

NPR (or its regional affiliates) offers its listeners an information and culture -oriented program, similar to the Germany radio, BBC Radio 4 or RTÉ Radio 1

Flagships of the information offered are Morning Edition and All Things Considered.

No other morning show reaches more listeners than Morning Edition - neither on television nor the radio. The two-hour program is produced 5:00 to 7:00 Eastern Standard Time (EST, Eastern Standard Time) and sent with updates as feed to 12:00 EST. Most stations repeat one or both hours, so that in many areas of the U.S., the program can be received from 05:00 to 09:00 ( on the west coast of 5:00 to 08:00 ). Some of the many regional NPR stations also involve regional interests ( eg, Minnesota Public Radio ), the weekend is in all areas between 08:00-10:00 local time clock Weekend Edition sent (08:00 bis 10:00 ET produced feeds are broadcast repeatedly until 13:00 ET ), which provides space for longer posts.

All Things Considered, the oldest information program from NPR, provides a comprehensive analysis of the events of the day. The program is produced 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. EST updated feeds are sent to 22:00 EST. The produced in Washington shipment takes about 105 min, the remaining air time is filled with local and regional news. On weekends there is a one-hour edition (Weekend All Things Considered ).

The U.S. very popular talk format is particularly served by the programming Talk of the Nation, The Diane Rehm Show and on point.

  • The Diane Rehm Show WAMU 88.5 is of FM, the NPR station in Washington, DC, weekdays 10:00 to 12:00 EST for the composite produced by NPR ( " Syndicated "). According to WAMU 88.5 FM Diane Rehm, who works in radio for over 25 years, every week more than 1.7 million listeners.
  • On point is produced by WBUR 90.9 FM, the NPR station in Boston, weekdays 10:00 to 12:00 EST. Approx. 120 stations of the NPR network radiate the program as a takeover.
  • Talk of the Nation will weekdays produced by NPR News 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. The show was set 1 July 2013 after 21 years.
  • Here & Now: The show was extended to two hours of coverage from 1 July 2013 and replaced Talk of the Nation. The reason NPR indicates that many partner stations are in need of a newscast at noon slot to bridge the gap between the main news programs Morning Edition and All Things Considered. Here & Now is produced 12:00 to 14:00 Est, then repeated as a feed. Production partner of NPR 's WBUR in Boston.

More shows are not limited to:

  • This American Life ( reports ), produced by Chicago Public Radio.
  • Fresh Air ( interviews ), produced by WHYY - FM, Philadelphia.
  • Marketplace ( economy ), produced by Minnesota Public Radio ( distribution under the brand name American Public Media ).
  • Car Talk (cars and repairs), produced by WBUR 90.9 FM, Boston.
  • A Prairie Home Companion ( live music, especially " American Folk Music" - Country, Bluegrass, Blues, Gospel ), produced by Minnesota Public Radio ( distribution under the brand name American Public Media ).
  • Science Friday is the Friday's edition of Talk of the Nation, financed, inter alia, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Ira Flatow science journalist discussed in this two -hour show with guests and callers on current events from the field of Nature, Research and Technology. The show will be ( as ) continued as a standalone program after the end of Talk of the Nation.
  • Le Show ( News Satire and parodies ), produced by KCRW, Santa Monica.
  • Wait Wait ... Do not Tell Me! ( News Quiz ), produced by WBEZ Chicago Public Radio.

The items mentioned are all " syndicated ".

The local NPR stations radiate evenings and weekends of most other local and regional broadcasts and concert recordings ( classical, blues, jazz ); the night program in question is mainly to acquisitions of the BBC and the Canadian CBC, in most cases, the program is taken from the BBC World Service. Also, shipments of Deutsche Welle be adopted.

In their programs the stations are very clear, for example, take on a greater number The Diane Rehm Show is not or not live. Since On point is produced at the same time, radiation selected stations each other's program as a record of, often in the evenings and sometimes even in excerpts.

In addition, there are a number of musical transmitter, which is usually from universities operate. Mostly it is classical or jazz stations. This take is usually only the hourly national NPR News and provide temporary additional self-produced regional news, while your program is otherwise devoted entirely to music. Despite the lack of public radio in the U.S. a supply of classical and jazz stations is therefore almost everywhere given. The ubiquity of jazz stations is a specific feature of the U.S. radio market, there is no corresponding counterparts in the fully supplied with public service programs European markets.

In the 2008 election year NPR was able to increase its ratings. 23.6 million listeners turn in autumn 2008, the program every week ( 8.7 % compared to autumn 2007). The information programs are used by 20.9 million listeners ( 9 % over Fall 2007 ) - in the autumn of 2000 there were 14.1 million. With 7.6 million listeners Morning Edition has a 60% higher viewing figures than the quote strongest breakfast television (Good Morning America ).

Financing

Funding of NPR does not take place through the license fee, but in the main, through sponsorship from companies and foundations ( " underwriting spots" ), which are also called within the programs by name, by donations from listeners to their local station and the sale of merchandising ( NPR shop) and sending manuscripts. To a lesser extent there are also indirect financial support of the federal government in Washington, D. C. - on Foundations and downstream facilities, which account for about one to two percent of the annual budget.

The 2008 Emerging economic crisis did not pass without a trace NPR. Since the spring of the revenue went through sponsorship, which accounts for 1/3 of the budget back. Savings were a result, announced at the end. This fell shipments News & Notes and Day to Day and 7% of the staff to the victim. Most of the deleted points are due to the deposition of the programs mentioned here. Listeners in Europe are also affected since they could hear in the program of Day to Day NPR Worldwide.

Due from other financial gaps NPR announced in September 2013 a plan for the budget - balancing within two years. Part of the plan is a staff reduction of approximately 10 percent of the workforce.

Dissemination

In the U.S., the 797 NPR stations are almost everywhere to be found and reached 99 % of the population. Subscribers of Sirius XM Satellite Radio also received the special programs NPR Now ( news and entertainment ) and NPR Talk 123

An international spread directly via NPR Worldwide ( satellite) and indirectly via American Forces Network (AFN ), formerly also via the World Radio Network ( WRN ). Europe, North Africa and the Near and Middle East NPR Worldwide is to receive digital over the satellite Hotbird since 2001. Previously, the program was analogous to the Astra satellite at 19.2 degrees East ( 1995-2001).

A direct international distribution began in 1995 with the program America One, a collaboration with Public Radio International ( PRI ) and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB). After more than two years, sponsored by Ericsson "experiment" was terminated on 31 March 1998. Without interrupting the spread of NPR was continued alone - this was the birth of NPR Worldwide.

In Africa, South Asia and Southern Europe NPR is audible with mobile receivers via the WorldSpace satellite system, but this is a paid subscription required ( does not apply to the North Beam from WorldSpace satellite AfriStar ).

In Berlin, National Public Radio operates since April 2006 with NPR Berlin its own transmitter on the frequency 104.1 MHz. Sponsor is T-Systems in the program, there are regular " underwriting spots" that indicate.

About the website there is the opportunity to hear a special program (NPR News). In addition, there are extensive podcast offerings.

Correspondent offices

NPR maintains 16 national and 17 international Korrespondenbüros.

  • Atlanta, GA
  • Austin, TX
  • Boston, MA
  • Chicago, IL
  • Dallas, TX
  • Los Angeles, CA (NPR West)
  • Miami, FL
  • New York City, NY ( New York NPR )
  • Orange Beach, AL
  • Philadelphia, PA
  • Portland, OR
  • Menlo Park, CA
  • Salt Lake City, UT
  • San Francisco, CA
  • Seattle, WA
  • Tucson, AZ
  • Beirut, Lebanon
  • Berlin, Germany
  • Dakar, Senegal
  • Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Istanbul, Turkey
  • Jerusalem, Israel
  • Cairo, Egypt
  • Kabul, Afghanistan
  • London, United Kingdom
  • Mexico City, Mexico
  • Moscow, Russia
  • Nairobi, Kenya
  • New Delhi, India
  • Beijing, China
  • Rome, Italy
  • Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • Shanghai, China
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