Nucleoside triphosphate

Nucleoside triphosphates ( NTPs ) are precursors blocks of nucleic acids. NTPs are nucleosides ( Nucleosides are nucleobases that are coupled to a ribose or deoxyribose ), which are phosphorylated. Due to the phosphorylation of NTPs also be referred to as nucleotides.

In a broader sense, the term nucleoside triphosphate and especially the associated abbreviation NTP refer to both nucleotide varieties: ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates.

In a narrower sense, the term nucleoside triphosphate and especially the associated abbreviation NTP refer only to the ribonucleoside triphosphates. The corresponding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are abbreviated as dNTP.

Formation

The deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are formed in the cell as an energy- rich compounds of the 2'- deoxyribonucleotide - 5'-monophosphate by two successive phosphorylation with ATP as the phosphate group donor.

Biological Significance

While the dNTPs essentially be used only in nucleic acid synthesis ( eg, DNA replication ) which serve both ribonucleoside of nucleic acid synthesis (eg, transcription) as well as the overall energy budget of a living cell. The greatest importance in the energy budget comes to the ribonucleoside triphosphate adenosine triphosphate ( ATP).

Varieties

According to the two natural nucleic acid varieties (deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid ) there are deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs ) and ribonucleoside triphosphates.

Natural deoxyribonucleoside

  • Deoxyadenosine triphosphate ( dATP )
  • Deoxycytidine triphosphate ( dCTP )
  • Deoxyguanosine triphosphate ( dGTP )
  • Deoxythymidine triphosphate ( dTTP )

Natural ribonucleoside

  • Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP)
  • Cytidine triphosphate (CTP )
  • Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
  • Uridine triphosphate (UTP)

Special nucleoside triphosphates

  • Deoxyuridine triphosphate ( dUTP ): use in in vitro experiments, such as PCR, site-directed mutagenesis according to Kunkel.

Swell

  • Karlson, Peter: Short textbook of biochemistry. 12th edition - Stuttgart; New York: Thieme, 1984 ISBN 3-13-357812-1 ( ISBN formally wrong )
  • Nucleotide
  • Substance Group
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
Polymerase chain reaction Frederick Sanger
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