NYC Hudson
As Hudson Tender steam locomotives are designated with the wheel arrangement 2'C2 ', ie with a leading bogie, three driving axles and a two-axle trailing travois.
Naming
For the first time this type was introduced in North America in 1927 at the New York Central Railroad ( NYC ), which procured a total of 275 units to 1938. With approximately 56 % of the world built Hudson locomotives that was by far the largest fleet of all railway companies at all. The name goes back to the former NYC- President Patrick E. Crowley. In a conversation with the superintendent for the engine department, Engineer Paul W. Kiefer, who had the NYC Class J developed 1926-1927, struck Crowley to name the new series after the Hudson River. This proposal was obvious because of New York City to Albany was designated as the " Water Level Route" multi-track NYC main line about 200 km upriver through the Hudson Valley, where these new heavy express train locomotives most of the high quality passenger service, including the 20th Century Limited and Empire State Express should take.
NYC classes J 1a, J-2 and J- 3
The design was developed at the Hudson New York Central, as established in the express train service Pacific locomotives the wheel arrangement 2'C1 had ' reached their performance limit for train lengths of 12 express coaches. The increasing volume of transport made in the meantime, however, traffic peaks 16 to 18 cars and the costly division of trains that had to be transported in two sections on the path, is necessary. In order to more powerful locomotive boilers use with larger superheater surface and higher boiler pressure while maintaining the permissible axle loads on the existing routes, at Pacific's usually located under the firebox in a bissel rear drive axle with the new design Hudson was replaced by a two-axle towing frame. Another innovation introduced as the starting aid in all locomotives of the class J arranged in the rear travois booster and a mechanical stoker coal feed the furnace dar.
The American Locomotive Company ( ALCO) in Schenectady delivered the first locomotive of the NYC Class J -1a (No. 5200 ) on 14 February 1927 which was subjected to the nearby main line between Albany and Syracuse extensive Erpobungsfahrten. In the aftermath ALCO delivered to 1931 a total of 205 machines of the class J-1 and 10 Class J -2 to the NYC. Lima Locomotive Works contributed an additional 10 copies of the Class J -2.
The first railroad in America, NYC paid in 1934 their J -1a No. 5344 with the reminiscent of an inverted bathtub streamlining and baptized them after the former owner of the railway company "Commodore Vanderbilt ".
Between 1937 and 1938 yielded ALCO further another 50 " Super Hudsons " of NYC Class J -3a, of which 12 locomotives were designed by an industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss streamlining. His restrained, the essential elements of a classic steam engine emphasizing shaping, make by today's standards to a timeless "Retro Style " -looking design of the J -3a to a style icon of the Art Deco era. Because of the many figure in contemporary ads and billboards, the J -3a became one of the most famous locomotives in America.
During and after the Second World War, the fairings were gradually removed. In the context of accelerated conversion to diesel traction, in which the manufacturer charged the scrap value of the steam locomotive fleet generous with the purchase price for the newly appointed diesel locomotives, none of the 275 Hudson locomotives of the New York Central has been preserved for posterity.
Other series - Hudson in North America
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe, ATSF ) had 16 Hudsons, the ATSF almost simultaneously with the NYC Hudson in 1927 introduced ATSF class 3450 first ground internally as "extended Pacific " filed. The built at Baldwin Locomotive No. 1937 3460 acquired as a streamlined fairing " Blue Goose " a high level of awareness.
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road) procured (via the three series F6, and F7 F6a distributed ) 1930-1938 a total of 28 machines of 2'C2 ' wheel arrangement. In the Scandinavian and German descent railway workers in Wisconsin and Minnesota, however, the term " Baltic" was popular in derivation of the already established Schnellzugloktypen "Atlantic" and "Pacific ".
For the " 400 " traffic the Chicago and North Western Railway procured at ALCO in 1937 nine streamlined steam locomotives of CNW Class E-4, but they were sized similar to the Milw class F7 independent structures represented.
Locomotive wheel arrangement 2'C2 ' in Europe
In a time when Pacific locomotives dominated the fast service and were even built in England and Germany standard Streamlined, Hudson remained in Europe until a few single copies of a rarity.
Mention may be made to one of the three ( made in two different versions ), constructed by Adolf Wolff at the Berlin Borsig works streamlined locomotives class 05 former Deutsche Reichsbahn. The locomotive 05 002 was established with a road speed of 200.4 km / h on May 11, 1936 on the route between Hamburg and Berlin, a world speed record for steam locomotives.
Marc de Caso, last chief engineer of the French Northern Railway, designed from 1938 for the newly established French national railway company SNCF eight streamlined fairing " Baltic" locomotives consisting of three three-cylinder machines of the SNCF class 232.R and four copies of the SNCF class 232.S with four-cylinder compound engine. The eighth, completed due to the war until 1949 Corpet - Louvet of SNCF 232.U.1 remained unique. As a conclusion of the Damplokbaus in France this world last built standard gauge steam locomotive wheel arrangement is ' home 2'C2 in the French Railway Museum Mulhouse.