Nymphenburg Palace

Schloss Nymphenburg is located in the west of Munich in the district of Neuhausen- Nymphenburg. It forms one unit together with the Nymphenburg Palace Park and the small park castles. It is one of the great royal palaces of Europe and is today a much visited attraction. The castle has long been the summer residence of the Wittelsbach family.

History

Nymphenburg was given in 1664 by the Elector Ferdinand Maria as a gift to his wife Adelheid of Savoy in order, as she had Max Emanuel born to him as a long -awaited heir to the throne. Max Emanuel himself later had a major role in the expansion of the castle.

In the Treaty of Nymphenburg in 1741, France, Spain, Bavaria, Saxony allied with Prussia against Austria. Founded in 1747 Elector Max III. Joseph the Nymphenburg porcelain manufactory. 1792 Elector Karl Theodor the Nymphenburg park for the people open.

King Maximilian I died in 1825 in Castle, his great-grandson King Ludwig II was born in 1845 here. 1863 the only meeting between Ludwig and Otto von Bismarck was held in Nymphenburg, which remained connected to him in a lifelong friendship.

With the Revolution of 1918 Nymphenburg came under Krongutverwaltung, then in state ownership ( Bavarian Administration of State-owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes ). The Wittelsbach retained a limited right of residence, which is used by the respective head of the House of Wittelsbach (currently Franz of Bavaria ). During the Second World War, the castle remained until a direct hit that destroyed the Palace Chapel, spared severe damage. In 1972, the Olympic competitions were held in dressage against the backdrop of Nymphenburg Palace.

Architectural History

Originally, the central wing was built by Agostino Barelli in the style of an Italian country house as five-storey cubic block with double- staircases on both sides in 1664 and was completed in 1675. As a building material used Kelheimer limestone. The castle was gradually expanded over the years and transformed.

First, let Max Emanuel 1702-1704 by Enrico and Giovanni Antonio Viscardi Zuccalli the two galleries next to the main castle and the building which terminates in two northern and two southern pavilions. In the second northern pavilion Viscardi Built in 1713, the castle chapel. 1716 Joseph Effner altered the facades of the main building on the French model. It originated in the middle of each floor three large round-arched windows, framed by fluted pilasters which reach up to the roof.

Elector Karl Albrecht had the adjoining the northern and southern pavilions two outer buildings for the Orangerie in the north and the stables built in the south, both with connecting wings to the pavilion.

The outgoing of the two outer buildings completed after 1730 Rondell building before the main tract was known in her time as an architectural sensation. You should be the starting point of a never- realized " Carlstadt ". Here are the Schlossrondell ten symmetrically structured into two groups of five Palais, built 1728-1758 for higher court servants. Elector Max III. Joseph instructed François de Cuvilliés with the " Stone Hall " in the main building, which was completed in 1756. Elector Karl Theodor finally settled in 1795 broaden the galleries to the Park side. Leo von Klenze distant 1826, the pediment with the electoral arms and created instead the main building of the parapet.

Affairs

Some rooms have retained their original Baroque decoration, others were redesigned in the style of the Rococo and Classicism later. In the central pavilion designed François de Cuvilliés the three-storey reaching Stone Hall as a venue. The frescoes were painted by Johann Baptist Zimmermann, the central ceiling fresco depicts Helios in his chariot, accompanied by other gods, dar.

North of the Stone Hall, there is a wood-paneled hall, the decorated with Brussels tapestries audience room and the Former bedrooms with the so-called little beauty gallery with ladies from Versailles, rooms which have been converted under Max Emanuel in the Regency style, but have retained their original baroque fields ceilings. Here are portraits of the Elector and his wife Therese Cunegonde. The bedroom closes the park side, designed by Cuvillies Drechsel Cabinet Max III. Joseph, while north of it are three with the broadening of the gallery wing under Karl Theodor resulting spaces. In the first room there are today more portraits of ladies from the Great Gallery of Beauties Max Emanuel, the second decorated with a rug that the alliance coat of arms of Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate (so-called heraldic room ) while in the third room hang portraits of Karl Theodor and his wife.

South of the Stone Hall are a mirror image of the northern areas of the main building, the ante-room with the portrait of Charles Albert, the audience room with the Doppelportait the castle founder Ferdinand Maria and Henriette Adelaide, the former bedroom with portraits of Max Emanuel and Therese Kunigunde of Poland and. Again, the original baroque ceilings have been preserved. The walls of the so-called paint cabinet, which adjoins the bedroom, are almost completely covered with Chinese Koromandellack panels depicting scenes from a Chinese novel. The ceiling was stuccoed by Franz Xaver Feuchtmayr.

In the two galleries north and south next to the central pavilion are vedutas Bavarian castles. Behind the southern gallery is the write - Cabinet and the ante-room of the Elector Karl Theodor, which emerged with the widening of the gallery wing. The design was by the court architect Maximilian of Verschaffelt.

The inner southern pavilion houses a famous attraction Beauty Gallery of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. On behalf of the king's court painter Joseph Karl Stieler has portrayed 36 " beautiful " women from all walks of Munich; best known of these are the shoemaker 's daughter Helene Sedlmayr and Louis longtime mistress, the dancer Lola Montez. Next to it is the study of Queen Caroline, his created around 1810 Furniture furniture carries a veneer of alder burl wood. Are nearby on the park side, the audience chamber of the queen in the empire style and the bedroom, in the August 25, 1845 King Ludwig II of Bavaria was born. The mahogany furniture was built around 1815. The outer southern pavilion is generally inaccessible.

In the former royal stables in the south wing is the Marstall Museum, with one of the greatest coach collections in Europe. Above it is the collection of Nymphenburg porcelain. The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory is located in one of the houses of the northern rondel and can be visited only by written appointment.

The inner northern pavilion is generally inaccessible to the outer houses the chapel, the ceiling paintings dealt with the life of St. Magdalene.

In the north wing, the Museum of Man and Nature has been housed since 1990. In the adjoining north wing of the castle located since 1835, the Mary Ward Elementary School, founded by Mary Ward, pioneer for a better education for girls. Mary Ward came after their flight from Rome to Munich in 1627 and was sponsored by the Elector Maximilian I.. Louis I took the girls' school in 1835 finally in the system of Nymphenburg Palace.

Museums

The castle houses several museums:

• Marstallmuseum ( south wing )
• Porcelain Museum Munich ( south wing )
• Museum of Man and Nature ( north wing )
• Erwin von Kreibig Museum ( Southern Schlossrondell )

Castle Park

→ Main article: Castle Park Nymphenburg

The first castle was built a small garden in Italian style. In the years 1701 to 1704 changes and extensions of the garden were created in the style of the French Baroque. The creation of a vast landscape park in the English style began in 1804 with the southern part of the park, which was completed in 1807, and was from 1810 to 1823 completed with the northern part.

The central channel with the Great Cascade divides the landscape park of the Nymphenburg park in a northern and a southern area. The water supply is from the west, from the Würm over the Pasing- Nymphenburg canal, which is in the northern Munich channel system. The water is drained off via two channels to the east and northeast, and on the Hartmann Hofer stream to the north.

In the northern part of the lake is smaller Pagodenburg with the Pagodenburg. The botanical gardens in the Northeast is not part of the Nymphenburg park; it is partially separated by a wall and a road from the park.

In the southern part of the lake are larger Badenburg with Apollo Temple and Baden castle. The Green Brunnhaus with the water mill for pressure pumps garden fountain in the village at the south, the level of Würmkanals -retaining channel. The Amalienburgstraße determines the southeastern part of the park.

Visitor

Palace and Park are a significant economic factor for Munich, only the main castle is visited annually by more than 300,000 guests. This Nymphenburg is located in front of the Munich Residence and Schleissheim Palace, but clearly behind the castles of Ludwig II, Neuschwanstein Castle in particular. The concert series " Concerts Nymphenburg Palace " takes place since 2004 in Hubertus Hall and was attended by over 35,000 listeners since then. The castle itself is also the seat of the Bavarian Administration of State-owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes.