Nystatin

3 - (4 -amino-3 ,5 -dihydroxy -6-methyl -tetrahydropyran -2-yl ) oxy 19,25,27,29,32,33,35,37 - octahydroxy - 18,20,21 -trimethyl -23- oxo- 22,39 - dioxabicyclo [ 33.3.1 ] - nonatriaconta 4,6,8,10,14,16 - hexaene -38 -carboxylic acid ( IUPAC)

  • A07AA02
  • D01AA01
  • G01AA01

Yellowish solid

Antifungal

Pore ​​formation in the cell membrane of fungi by binding to ergosterol in the synthesis of the cell membrane

250 ° C ( decomposition above 160 ° C)

10,000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Nystatin is a polyene macrolactone from Streptomyces noursei, a actinobacterium the genus Streptomyces. It is used as an antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections (such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus ).

History

Nystatin was founded in 1948 as the first antifungal agent isolated from Streptomyces noursei by Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Fuller Brown at the New York State Department of Health. The Streptomyces strain from which they isolated nystatin, was from the garden floor of a friend by the name Nourse and was thus called noursei. Hazen and Brown named nystatin in 1954 after the New York State Department of Health.

Effect

Nystatin binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and thus affects the integrity of the cell membrane. It results in pores in the cell wall through which potassium ions ( K ) can escape from the interior of the cells ( ionophore effect ) and thus lead to cell death of the fungus. Until now, no development of resistance in Candida fungi could be detected against nystatin.

Application

Nystatin is not absorbed in the intestine, and can therefore act on oral administration only locally in the digestive tract. Possible side effects include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

Nystatin is often used prophylactically in patients at risk for fungal infections, such as patients with AIDS and low numbers of CD4 T helper cells and patients in chemotherapy. Furthermore, it finds application in the field of antibiotics on neonatal stations because there is often due to antibiotic therapy a selective advantage for fungal pathogens.

Nystatin is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of intestinal mycoses.

Trade names

Adiclair (D), Biofanal (D), Candio - Hermal (D, A), Lederlind (D), Moronal (D), Multilind suspension ( CH), Mycostatin (A, CH), Mykundex (D ), numerous generics ( D, CH )

Candio - Hermal plus (D), Multilind ointment (D, CH), Mycolog (CH), Mykoderm (D), Mykundex ointment (D), Nystalocal (CH), Topsym polyvalent (CH)

CAS registry number Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System DrugBank Macrolide Actinobacteria Digital Object Identifier
611679
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