Offstage brass and percussion
As far orchestra are a group of musical instruments, which are mounted separately from the actual orchestra in a performance of a musical work, often behind the podium or at the opposite end of the concert hall. To achieve a precise interaction with the main orchestra, either the use of a separate (auxiliary) conductors for remote orchestra needed or the conductor on the main stage is transferred to the location of the remote orchestra by camera to a monitor, or via mirror.
Related to this concept is the use of incidental music in the opera. For this reason, the terms incidental music and remote orchestra are sometimes used synonymously in the parlance of orchestra practice. While in the stage musical but the inclusion of the music goes into the stage action, is the use of remote orchestras rather the creation of sound effects and - as in the Venetian polychorality - the inclusion of the space in the foreground. Early examples of remote instruments in this sense are the stationed behind the stage trumpets in Ludwig van Beethoven's 3rd Leonor Overture ( see Fidelio ) and Georges Bizet's Carmen. Hector Berlioz used in his Requiem four remote orchestra of trumpets and trombones. He oriented on models in French music around 1800. In sacred works and cantatas by François -Joseph Gossec and Etienne- Nicolas Mehul, which were designed for a performance at the Paris Invalides, found previously remote orchestra in the galleries use.
From the music of the late Romantic orchestra will frequently use the remote. Especially Gustav Mahler in his works continues to set remote instruments with differentiated instructions to set up a " far away " ( Symphony No. 1 ), " from the opposite direction " ( Symphony No. 2 ), " in the distance (distance ) placed " (3. symphony ), " stationed in the highest" ( Symphony No. 3 ), " in Distance established " ( 6th and 7th Symphony ), "isolated stationed " ( Symphony No. 8 ).
In the music of the 20th and 21st centuries of the concert space and its acoustic possibilities in many works are included from the outset, such as in compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen. Also the surround sound of electronic music plays a role here, but it is still the effect of far apart established instruments or just remote orchestras.
In addition to the remote orchestra there, especially in the late Romantic works with remote choir, containing in the same way a remotely located vocal ensemble, such as in Gustav Holst The Planets, Peter Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker and Claude Debussy's Nocturnes.
Examples of plants with Remote Orchestra
- François -Joseph Gossec: Missa pro defunctis (1760 ), Requiem
- Etienne- Nicolas Mehul: Chant National du 14 juillet 1800
- Jean -François Lesueur: Chant du 1er Vendémiaire (1801 )
- Hector Berlioz: Requiem
- Gustav Mahler: The Song of Lamentation, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th and 8th Symphony
- György Kurtág: Piano Concerto " Quasi una fantasia"
- Krzysztof Penderecki: Credo for 5 soloists, boys' choir, choir, orchestra and remote orchestra ( 1998)
- Technical term (Orchestra)