Oidor

Oidor (Spanish: listeners ) was the name of the directing members of the Real Audiencias or Chancillerías, judges bodies originated in the Kingdom of Castile and among the highest organs of the Court in Imperial Spain in the New World which.

The name comes from the task of listening to the parties to the dispute in the court proceedings, especially in the fase de alegatos ( phase of the charges or evidence ). Oidores were Letrados, persons who had studied law at a university. Oidores was that the introduction of Relatores ( party representatives, lawyers ) present processed cases.

Origin of the Office

Referring to the king, the task of the administration of justice was perceived personally. At the court of Alcalá ( Alcalá de Cortes ) was adopted in 1348, that has to take place at least a week a public meeting at which the Asesores, meet representatives of royal power, and set up in his name. The Oidores formed in this context, a new body, the Audiencia, which was entrusted by the king with the administration of justice.

Colonies

In the Spanish colonies in America Oidoeres were compared with the same tasks and assignments entrusted as in Spain. They had next to another sovereign tasks. Thus acted the Oidores de las Audiencias not only as a judge of the Audiencia, but had duties as Juez de la Santa Cruzada ( military judges ), Juez de Censos (judges in tax law matters ), Juez de Bienes de difuntos ( hereditary judge, literally " judge of the goods the deceased " ) or Oidor Juez de Casados ​​( Family Court ).

In Mexico and Lima, there was the office of alcalde del Crimen ( criminal court ).

There were frequent dismissals of individual Oidores.

Upon the death or incapacity for office of governor or viceroy of the ( service ) oldest Oidor was transitional executive governor, although he sat in the Audiencia, which had to decide on the Official leadership in the dispute.

Pedro de Valdivia received from a Oidor Juez de Casados ​​( family court judge ) the decision that he had to leave his mistress Inés de Suárez and look outward to his wife Marina Ortiz de Gaete again.

Oidor eclesiástico

Oidores eclesiásticos were clerics with canon law studies, which decided to ecclesiastical courts over church law matters, including at that time also included embarrassing things.

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