Oktyabrskaya Railway

The Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga, literally "October Railroad " (Russian Октябрьская железная дорога ) is a railway operationally independent branch of the Russian State Railways ( RŽD ) with a 10,000 km route network in the North West of the European part of Russia.

The October Railway, which received its present name in 1923 in memory of the October Revolution of 1917, operates with the section from Saint Petersburg to Pavlovsk as well as with the high-speed Moscow- St Petersburg, the oldest railway connections on Russian territory. The catchment area of the route network of the branch ranges from Moscow to the regions of Murmansk Oblast behind the Arctic Circle.

History

With the finished well after a year of construction, 27 km long railway line between the then Russian capital Saint Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo suburb began on 11 November 1837, the history of the October Railway and the entire rail transport in Russia. Built with the involvement of Austrian engineer Franz Anton von Gerstner track that had a more symbolic importance because of its brevity, presented the sixth railway line is worldwide and 1829 mm (6 feet) in contrast to other European routes built in gauge.

Four years after the construction of the track, a new project was approved by Tsar Nicholas I's a more than 600 -kilometer, double-track railway line and practically straight from Petersburg to Moscow, the second largest city of the Empire foresaw. This time the track gauge 1524 mm (5 feet ) was used, which is the default for all railway lines of the Russian Empire was later. The line was handed over to the regular operation of the end of 1851 and received in 1855 in honor of the recently deceased Tsar Nicholas the name train. 1857, for the purpose of managing the route and construction of additional rail lines in Russia, the main Russian Railways Company ( Главное общество Российских железных дорог ) founded as a joint stock company. In the second half of the century several more, originally mostly private railway companies were formed, resulting in conditions of directing more, now part of the October railway lines. Mention may be made, for example, the Warsaw - Petersburg Railroad, the Baltic railways, Sestroretsk railway, the Directorate of Finnish railways (the latter built the line between Petersburg and Chijtola in the former Grand Duchy of Finland ) and Moscow - Ventspils - Rybinsk Railway.

By 1894, the Russian state bought on the private railway companies of the Nicholas railway, the Warsaw - Petersburg and the Baltic Railway and incorporated it under the Russian Empire Ministry of transport routes. On January 1, 1907, large parts of the north-western Russian rail network went to the newly established State Northwest railways. The total length of the route network of this new society was at that time already good 2700 km. One of the biggest yet realized before the October Revolution construction projects Nordwestbahn included the Murmansk railway, which connected the imperial capital of the strategically important ice-free ocean port in Murmansk.

1923, previously known as Nicholas railway line between Moscow and Petrograd was renamed in October Railway, and in 1929 the route as well as the whole of the former North West railway network was the Soviet State Railways subordinates. Thus, the Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga became a branch of the Soviet railways. Until the mid-20th century, the entire railway network has been assigned in the northwest of the Russian SFSR of the October Railway practical, so that the length of the route in 1959 already amounted to about 8,000 km.

Also in the 1950s, the electrification of the entire route of the former railway along with Santa branch lines was completed. In 1984, the Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga ER200 with the first (and only ) high-speed train of the Soviet Union in the regular operation. In the late 1990s and 2000s, the celebrations of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg, of the October Railway further modernization and expansion projects were launched, among others in the course of the preparations, including the new Ladoga station was built in Petersburg.

Operation

Today's network of Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga is a total of 10372.7 km long so that the Railway is one of the largest branches of the Russian State Railways. Within Russia, the grid connection points with the route networks of the North and the Moscow railway to cross-border also to the railway networks in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus.

The regions of Russia, whose orbits are operated by the Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga, include the following: Murmansk Oblast, Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast, Saint-Petersburg, Vologda Oblast ( partial), Pskov, Novgorod Oblast, Tver Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast ( part), Moscow Oblast ( partial) and Moscow ( partially ). Among the most important routes: Saint Petersburg- Moscow ( high-speed line, total length 650 km ), Saint Petersburg- Murmansk ( 1448 km ), Saint Petersburg Veliky Novgorod, Sonkowo - Pechory - Pskowskije ( Latvian border), Saint Petersburg- Vyborg - Buslowskaja ( Finnish limit), and others.

The administrative headquarters of the October Railway is located in Saint Petersburg, also exist the six regional directorates Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg- Vitebsk, Wolchowstroi, Petrozavodsk and Murmansk. In 2008, 24.533 million passengers in long-distance and local traffic 109 812 000 130 244 000 as well as tons of goods transported.

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