Omnibus progression

The voglersche tone circle (after Georg Joseph Vogler ), also known as " Devil's Mill " is a harmonic sequence in which combines a chromatically rising or falling bass with dominant seventh, diminished seventh and minor - Quartsextakkorden. All votes are to each other in the opposite or side movement: One upper voice goes in the opposite direction of the bass, while the others are located ( Fig. 1).

Operation

The basic building block of the sequence is a sequence of three chords that usually postpone an imminent cadence (Ex. 2 ). You can see the chord progression in the sense Schenker as prolongation of a Septimenakkords ( VII7 / v) describe by vocal exchange (the six-four chord a random passage structures ), or harmonious explain the six-four chord to the dominant matic cadence chord, to which the two tetrachords ( Reduced Sept and excessive five chord ) as a double dominants are directly related. ( The enharmonic spelling each sound varies greatly. )

The extension of the chord sequence for sequence is achieved by addition of a fourth chord, which is the inverse of the first, thus leading back to the six-four chord or, in ascending bass, continue on the leading tone to the tonic again. Instead, this chord is enharmonic reinterpreted and made ​​the beginning of a new module whose key from the original key a minor third projects (Ex. 3). Harmonious produced by this Kleinterzsequenz a tonal limbo, which can only be ended by leaving the model again. At the same time the melody is suspended through the rest of the upper parts, since a sound from eight different chords can be kept away. This Liegeton is mostly found in the soprano (Ex. 1).

Variants

The chord sequence can be "forward" and " backward " use. Another historically slightly younger version ( Ex. 4 ) emphasizes the element of counter-movement by a secondary or reduced Terzakkord appear (depending on the write or point of view) instead of the diminished seventh chord. Here, the upper voices move consistently in semitones, but remain for this are only about seven chords of time. This variant is found almost exclusively with descending bass and ascending upper voice. In the English music theory, this sequence is mostly derived from the so-called omnibus progression.

History

Following attempts at J. S. Bach ( "da And behold, the veil of the temple was rent " for example, in the first few bars of recitative his St. Matthew Passion ), we find the set model for the first time clearly developed in Haydn's Symphonies No. 45 ( Fis minor, "Farewell ", 1772, 2nd sentence ) and 65 (A Major, about 1769 to 1772, first sentence ).

Georg Joseph Vogler, which these compositions were probably not known, published in his Tonwissenschaft and Tonsezkunst (1776 ), a "round tone circle ", which contains the complete model in all three possible transpositions (Fig. 5). Vogler could have independently developed the process or to know during his two years of study in Italy.

A posthumously -made copy of his sketches shows various experiments with chromatic lateral movement, under which there is also the tone circle: From the late 1770s, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach of Tonkreises who knew either Vogler's treatise or must be the third inventor made ​​use of.

From about 1785 there is almost no German composer who did not resort at least once on the model: Mozart, Beethoven, Hummel, J. H. Knecht, Reichardt and many more. Emanuel Aloys Förster 1805 speaks in his instructions to General - bass of the "so-called Devil's Mill ", that quotes an apparently common nickname ( the " Schuster spot" comparable).

Nevertheless, clippings, variants and extensions of the harmony model, the model itself was also in the 19th century, but still used for compositional purposes. By basically non- tonal method of geometric ( equidistant ) division of the octave like the " Devil's Mill " have also contributed to the development of modern music: The upper parts of the Tonkreises together form a oktatonische scale (also known as Messiaen's second mode known), in the Russian and French Modernism is of great importance.