Omphalina
Red-brown Nabeling ( Omphalina pyxidata )
The navel rings ( Omphalina ) is a fungal genus of the family of Tricholoma relatives whose types are associated with mosses. Earlier, it was a diverse, polyphyletic genus that has been thinned using the different ecology, pigmentation and phylogeny of its kinds.
The type species is the Red-brown Nabeling ( Omphalina pyxidata ).
- 5.1 Origin of the name
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Characteristic are small fruiting with popsicles decurrent lamellae and white, non- amyloid spores powder. In general, the hat is sunk deep centrally. The umbrella -like to funnel-shaped appearance resembling a navel or belly with a navel, which the genus gave their vernacular names. Similarly shaped leaves mushrooms are called " omphalinoid ' in the jargon.
Ecology
Omphalina in the modern sense is a small genus of moss inhabiting fungi. They grow on mossy fire sites and in habitats with undisturbed mossy areas in the Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine climates. Among the habitats are found in both rural and urban areas. Many other socialized with mosses fungi occur in such habitats, but have different characteristics.
Species
For Europe, 20 taxa are known or expected.
Systematics and Taxonomy
Nomenclatural problems
Omphalina is an old genus name, which is based on the even older name Omphalia. However, it can not be used because this is a later homonym invalid. Originally, the genus comprised all weißsporigen, similarly sized and shaped mushrooms. For this reason, many species have been referred to as Omphalina or Omphalia, even though they are not real navel rings. Only the preservation of the red-brown as a type Nabelings ended the decades -long instability.
Phylogenetic redefinition
DNA-based Molecular phylogenetic studies show that the red-brown Nabeling and other growing on moss species with reddish brown to yellowish pigments, which encrust the hyphal walls, are closely related to each other. In contrast, many other former navel rings are related to each other remotely and have therefore been classified in other orders, families and genera.
Reclassification and splitting earlier navel rings
Lichenized navel rings are located with lichen socialized Basidiomycetes, which are now in the genus of lichens Abel Inge ( Lichenomphalia ). This includes, for example, the relatively common Heath Flechtennabeling (L. umbellifera ).
Moosbewohnende, gray to blackish species now assigned to the genus of the core pieces of moss ( Arrhenia ). Two -known representatives are, for example, the scree - wire moss Ling (A. rickenii ) and the Sooty marsh moss vein Ling (A. Oniscus ).
All other former navel rings with amyloid spores landed in other genres, including Mycena ( Mycena ), carbon navel rings ( Myxomphalia ) and Abel bell rings ( Xeromphalina ).
No real Nabeling has gelatinized or mucous tissue or colorful pigments. Also they have no cystidia. Species whose removal are supported by molecular studies, spread across various genres such as gold Abel Inge ( Chrysomphalina ) Nabeltrichterchen ( Gerronema ) and Heftelnabelinge ( Ricke Ella ).
Importance
Origin of the name
Omphalina is the diminutive of Omphalia and derives from the Greek word " omphalos " ( = navel, hump ) from. The name refers to the navel -like appearance of the small domed hats with the typical central recess.