One-China policy
One -China policy (Chinese一个 中国 政策/一个 中国 政策, pinyin yī gè Zhōngguó zhengce ) called today usually thought by the People's Republic of China political premise that there is only one "China", in addition to the area controlled by the People's Republic of mainland China with Macao and Hong Kong also includes controlled by the Republic of China Taiwan.
All States wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the People 's Republic of China, must accept this premise. The People's Republic identified this " one China" with itself
Interpretations of the one-China policy
An interpretation that has evolved during the Cold War, is that either the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China is the sole legitimate government of all of China and the other one is illegal. This meant that by the 1970s most Western countries have maintained relations with the Republic of China, most Eastern bloc countries, however, the PRC. During the Republic of China, which regards itself as the spearhead of democracy in a country that was overrun by communist "rebels", the PRC sees as the winner of the Republic of China in the Communist revolution. Although the Republic of China no longer stands today as the sole legitimate government of all of China, the position of the PRC until 2000 remained unchanged, and they abmilderte its position. This new policy was carried out until deselected the DPP 2008. Since then, the re-elected KMT government, the previous one-China policy will be continued.
The changed position of the PRC was significantly Anti- Secession Law of 2005, which although proclaimed an indivisible China, but this no longer clearly identified with the PRC. Since 2004, Beijing has made no major statements more representative of the PRC as the sole legitimate China and slightly changed its definition of a China. She has thus staked a concept that is known as the " 1992 consensus" and defines it consisting of mainland China and Taiwan is a China, however, different interpretations of that one China exist.
A further interpretation of one China is that only a geographical region of China exists, which was split by the Chinese Civil War in two governments. This is the position of the Taiwanese supporters of Chinese reunification, the aim of which is that which is " one China" finally united under a common government essentially. Since 2005, this position is on the to allow close enough to the PRC a high-level dialogue between the Communist Party of China and the opposition coalition Taiwan (Pan - Blue Coalition ).
One-China policy and diplomatic relations
Recognition of the One-China policy is a prerequisite for the establishment of diplomatic relations with the PRC for any political body. The PRC was therefore anxious in the past to obtain from other nations following opinion: " The Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government of all of China [ ... ] and Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China". Many nations do not agree with and often made protracted efforts to find linguistic rules, which, although talk of a China, but both sides are acceptable. Some countries use terms such as admit, understand or take note of, while others support the words or acknowledge for Beijing's position on Taiwan's status use.
The name " Chinese Taipei " is the only acceptable name on most international playing fields, because "Taiwan" can accept that Taiwan is an independent state and would be "Republic of China " suggests that there are two Chinas; both of which would violate the one-China policy of the People's Republic. Most states that recognize Beijing circumvent the diplomatic nomenclature by establishing " trade offices ", which represent their interests on Taiwanese soil, while the interests of the Republic of China abroad over the TECO ( Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, Taipei Economic and cultural Office ) are represented. Nations, have diplomatic relations with the PRC, have no formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan instead, outside political circumstances on formally private organizations such as the German Institute in Taipei maintained. The Federal Republic of Germany pursues the one-China policy based on the principle one country, two systems and also accepted the presidential democracy in Taiwan.
One-China policy and relations between the People's Republic and the Republic of China
The recognition of the One-China policy is also a prerequisite for the PRC dialogue with groups in Taiwan. The One-China policy, the PRC prohibits formulations that require " one China, one Taiwan " to " two Chinas " or and makes it clear that efforts by the " division of the unity of China " can be met with military force.
The PRC has made it clear after the Anti- Secession Law in 2005 that their interpretation of the " one China" was no longer rigid and that "one China " is no longer necessarily to the PRC refers. She has offered talks with parties in Taiwan and the Taiwanese government on the basis of the 1992 consensus. This posits that there is one China, which could be interpreted differently but. Nevertheless, this policy means that Taiwan formally gives up its struggle for independence and that each formulation according to " one nation, two states' similar to the German Ostpolitik, or Korean reunification is not possible.
" One China " was the formulation of the Republic of China before the 1990s, which was made here claims that the Republic of China and not the People's Republic of China performing this one China. 1991 said President Lee Teng- hui that he would not attack the right of the Communist authorities on control of the mainland. This meant an indirect recognition of the People's Republic of China by the Republic of China. During the 1990s removed President Lee himself. Of the One-China formulation, which meant that many believed that he sympathized with the idea of Taiwanese independence 1999 Lee struck before a two-state theory of the relationship between mainland China and Taiwan, reacted angrily to the Beijing. Then, the semi-official dialogue ended.
After the election of Chen Shui -bian in 2000, the Republic of China suggested that negotiations without preconditions before. Although the two-state theory Chen Lee does not explicitly rejected, he supported it also explicitly. In 2001, there were unsuccessful attempts, such as " follow the 1992 consensus" to find a mutually acceptable formulation. After President Chen was appointed as Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party, he explained his policies and said it was clear that both sides of the road were separate states. This formulation was sharply criticized by the opposition pan-blue coalition. This follows a one-China policy, but is opposed to the definition of the PRC as this " one China."
The One-China policy has been the topic in the election campaign of the presidential election of 2004. Chen Shui -bian made clear its position again and had the one-China policy of the public, since it implies that Taiwan is a part of the PRC. His challenger Lien Chan supported the policy of "one China, different interpretations ", as in 1992. Lien Chan and his running mate James Soong said after the election that they do not see the reunification of China as the highest aim of their policy towards the PRC and the not exclude the possibility of subsequent independence of Taiwan.
On 14 March 2005, the PRC adopted an anti-secession law, which authorizes the use of military force to counter efforts to move away from the one- China policy. This law, however, does not speak of the PRC as the "one China". In April and May 2005 Lien Chan and James Soong mainland China visited separately and made their support for the 1992 consensus and the concept of the "one China" significantly. Both presented the position of their parties against Taiwan independence clear.