One kreuzer black
The black ones is Germany's oldest stamp from the former Kingdom of Bavaria.
History
The first stamp was issued in Germany since November 1, 1849 in the Kingdom of Bavaria. It is commonly referred to as Black ones due to the large numeral of value and color of the mark. The nominal value of a cruiser, the former postage for a local letter, and for the sending of printed materials such as price lists and advertising brochures. This motif was designed by Johann Peter Haseney. The stamp was printed on handmade paper and cut.
The black ones was the smallest value of a whole series of very similar brands. At the same time appeared the blue 3 Cruiser and the brown 6- cruiser brand. As at the date of the holiday, All Saints' Day, but only large post offices were open and only a few stamps have emerged that were used on November 1 (indicated by a stamp or letter date).
The form of the mark in black color did not prove itself, because it was tied by black stamp ink. The black ones was therefore soon be replaced by a new version, the pink one cruiser that would be drawn to the 3 - and 6- cruiser brand has been adjusted. In October 1851, the brand was withdrawn from the switch sale, but still remained valid for postage until 31 August 1864.
In the following years, other values of the series, a 9- Cruiser in green, 12 cruisers appeared in red and 18 Cruiser in orange. As part of an agreement within the framework of the German- Austrian Postal Union, the agreed same inks for equal value steps, the colors of the brand series were changed again. The brand to a cruiser was printed from then on in yellow.
Description and Features
The black ones originated on two different plates, the first plate caused a blurry, rough pressure. The second plate of 1850 brought forth a clearer pressure, which in particular the " non-damaged " left foot of the large number '1 ' is visible. In the first pressure plate, the pressure was on a double sheet of 180 pieces instead and the second plate only on a simple sheet of 90 pieces, because this had improved the print quality. The edition was 832 500 piece ( plate 1: 472,500, plate 2: 360,000 ). Despite these rather high edition of the Black ones is very popular among collectors and collector reaches values of 1000 to 3000 euros.
Both editions carry a distinctive safety feature, namely the name of the designer and the engraver hidden in the seemingly chaotic - patterned background of the large numeral of value. With appropriate magnification and respective rotation of the mark to the left of the 1 on the spread the initials PH (Peter Haseney ), as well as right down at the bottom next to the one you can if you look closely even the name of the printed WHITE ( University Buchdruckerei Johann Georg white) in recognize cursive.
The brand itself is highly vulnerable forgery, a check is always recommended, as shrewd forger knew mimic the initials and the lettering exactly. Best known copies of the forger Sperati are ( 1884-1957 ). These pieces are sought by specialists and achieve remarkable prices.
Rare Collectibles
A special rarity is the " Eichstätt Letter " with the only known block of six from all ones black. He was discovered in ancient documents of the town of Eichstätt in 1958. Since March 1999 he has been for communication can be seen in the treasury of the Berlin Museum.
On 7 May 2009, the German post office issued a special stamp with a surcharge to the day of the stamp, which depicts the Eichstätt Letter. This brand is equipped with a safety feature: two horizontal marks form in the perforation of an oak leaf. In addition, the decimal curves are numbered consecutively.
Furthermore, there is a letter with two three strips of Dietersheim, which was auctioned on 22 November 2008 by a Bavarian stamp auction house for the price of € 55,000 ( plus buyer's premium ). There are also two letters, each with 6 single side by side glued black all ones from the same correspondence in Lauf an der Pegnitz. One of them scored about 1988 185.000 Mark, the other was sold in the 1960s already for 100,000 marks.
A block with twelve related brands was sold by the auction house Heinrich Köhler at a bid of 320,000 euros in March 2009. The special feature of these brands is an upside-down version of the print within this piece was already in the collections of Dale - Lichtenstein and 1992 and Philipp von Ferrary until 1923.
One of the few remaining sheets ( with a total of 90 marks) was auctioned on 27 March 2010 300,000 Euros in Wiesbaden. A double bow with 180 copies in 1992 achieved the auction house idol the price of 687,000 U.S. dollars.
Eichstätt- letter on a German stamp of 2009
Head -standing brand within an arc (first column, second from the top)
Special stamp to commemorate the 100th anniversary of a German stamp from 1949
Output for the day of the stamp in the GDR from 1949