Onobrychis viciifolia

Seeds sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia )

The perennial perennial seed sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia, ωνος from Greek > Donkeys ' and βρύχειν > bite, grind their teeth < ), also called feed - sainfoin, is a plant belonging to the family of Fabaceae - that is a relative of the pea. Their use is mainly as a dry fodder plant. The cultivation takes place in the 16th century, he goes into more recent times, however, sharply. Not infrequently, a replanting is carried out as a soil conditioner.

Description

The seed sainfoin is with her erect stem 30 to 90 inches tall and survives the winter as Hemikryptophyt. The leaves are pinnate to 6-12. The individual leaflets are about 15 to 25 mm long and shaped 4-7 mm wide and are oval.

The flower cluster is also dichtblütige are oval shaped before flowering, at the top but rounded and the heyday of about 1.5 to 3 cm wide. The stalks of the individual flowers are only 1 to 1.5 mm long. The bracts are 3.5 to 4 mm long, only slightly shorter than the woolly hairy calyx. The petals are 10-14 mm long and are pink colored with few white shades. The flag is about the same as the boat. The blunt, often purple veined wings is 3 to 4 mm long and shorter than the calyx.

The legumes are 6-8 mm long and have a committee composed of 6 to 8 thick and 1 mm long spines comb on.

It flowers from May to July. The fruits ripen from July to September.

Occurrence

Originally, the sainfoin seed from the Mediterranean area. However, it was brought to the colonization of Central Europe from the people and is there therefore as a naturalized archaeophyte. In Germany, the plant is only relatively dispersed widely. It occurs further in the rest of Europe and West Asia. In America, it is considered as a neophyte.

It occurs in sunny lime - poor grassland, along roads and embankments. It prefers warm, moderately dry, usually deep soil.

After Ellenberg it is a light plant, a heat indicator, sub-continental spread, a Trockniszeiger, nitrogen- poor sites and preferring a Verbandscharakterart subozeanischer semi-dry grasslands ( Mesobromion ).

Ecology

The forage sainfoin is a Hemikryptophyt ( stem leaves), a Rohbodenpionier and a deep-rooting, because it is rooted deep dryness adaptation to 4 m. It has root nodules with nitrogen -fixing bacteria.

The flowers are weak vormännliche " butterfly flowers with flapper " and are available in long -stalked grapes. The wing is equipped with a purple veining as Strichsaftmal. When sitting up enough heavy insects, the boat works down, so that the abdomen of the insect is covered with pollen or later affected by the scar. In a later flowering of the pen to be released. Nectar is plentiful and bees kurzrüsseligen accessible; the plant is therefore a good bee pasture. In addition to numerous species of bees and butterflies and hoverflies were observed as pollinators. Self-pollination is not possible.

The fruits remain with their spiky surface on animals hang out and be deported (velcro propagation ). Probably random propagation is done by ungulates.

Use

The forage sainfoin is a protein-rich fodder plant and a soil conditioner. It is readily eaten by horses and cattle. As a pasture plant but it was displaced by other plants that were more suitable for intensive use.

Swell

  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte - Bechtle: What flowers there? The Encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants in Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9.
  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - hinge plates. The flora of Germany interactively. Watch - Specify - knowledge. The key to the plant world. CD -ROM, Version 2.0, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3.
  • Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany. A botanical and ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6 completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7.
  • Siegfried locksmith, Lutz Reichhoff, Peter Hanelt: wild plants in Central Europe. Use and protection. German Agriculture Verlag, Berlin, 1991, ISBN 3-331-00301-8.
357423
de