Oral, Kazakhstan
Oral ( Kazakh Орал; Russian Уральск / Uralsk ) is a major city in western Kazakhstan. It has around 250,000 inhabitants and is divided into four districts. Oral is the capital of the West Kazakhstan region and lies west of the Ural River and thus belongs to the European part of Kazakhstan. The city was founded in 1613 between the rivers Ural and Tsaghan under the name Jaiksk as a Cossack village. Today, the city of Oral ( Kazakh ) and Uralsk (Russian ) is called.
- 4.1 Administrative
- 4.2 Twin towns
- 5.1 Structures
- 5.2 Museums
Geography
Geographical Location
Oral is located in the north of the area West Kazakhstan at the northern end of the Caspian Valley about 30 kilometers from the Kazakh- Russian border. The city center is located at the mouth of the river Tsaghan in the Ural River ( kasach. Жайық / Schajyq ), which marks the geographical border between Asia and Europe. Since the city is located on the northwest side of the Urals, it is the only major city in Kazakhstan, which completely located in Europe.
The surrounding area of Oral consists of steppe-like plains, through which flows only through the Ural mountains. The metropolitan area has an east-west extent of about 12 kilometers and a north -south extension of about five kilometers. The distance to the capital Astana is 1747 km.
Climate
Oral and its surrounding areas have a typical northern Kazakhstan temperate continental climate, for in comparison to Central Europe cold, snowy and dry winter, and a moderately warm summers are typical.
The winter in and around Oral starts in late November and lasts about six months. The coldest months of the year are January and February with an average daily temperature of about -12 ° C; are not uncommon at this time temperatures below -20 ° C, in exceptional cases ( as most recently in 1943), it may up to -40 ° C cold. In February of that year, the temperature fell to -43.1 ° C. The summers in Oral are mild with average temperatures around 20 ° C. In July 1954 a maximum temperature of 41.6 ° C was measured. The rivers including the Ural freeze over in the winter months as a rule. The snowpack is 15 to 20 cm thick on average, but may be in a particularly snowy winters up to 70 cm. The spring months are characterized by a relatively low rainfall. The rainfall is relatively low in Oral; their peak they reached in July.
Population
The calculation for the year 2010 showed a total population of 249 819 inhabitants, thus Oral occupied 11th place among the largest cities of Kazakhstan for Oral. The city's population is made up almost 55 percent from ethnic Kazakhs, most of the inhabitants are Muslim. The Russians, who belong to the majority of the Russian Orthodox Church, have a share of almost 38 per cent of the population of the city. Other ethnic groups are the Ukrainians at 2.4 percent and the Tartars with two percent. Furthermore, live a smaller number of Germans, Belarussians and Azerbaijanis in Oral.
The following tables show the population development of oral over the period 2005 to 2010 and the ethnic composition of the population of the city in 2010:
History
The city was founded in 1584. The city law it has since 1613. Oral was called until 1775 Jaiksk as the river Ural then bore the name Yaik. At the time of Soviet Union, the city was called Uralsk and was eventually renamed after independence of Kazakhstan in Oral.
Oral is the capital of Kazakhstan's western Kazakhstan region ( Baty Qasaqstan ).
Policy
Management
The city council consists of the Orals Akimat ( Аким ) whose boss is the Akim (Mayor ) or the head of the city.
The mayor's office takes in the power structure of the city, the role of the executive. Current Akim is since 18 April 2008 Sami Golla Chamsajewitsch Orasow. Furthermore, there are three deputy mayors. Furthermore, part of the municipality of Oral different departments.
Twin Cities
Oral maintains partnerships with the following international cities:
- Romania Ploiesti, Romania
- Turkey Eskişehir, Turkey
- Czech Republic Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Russia Orenburg, Russia
- Russia Rostov-on- Don, Russia
Culture and sights
Structures
The oldest building in Oral is the Archangel Michael Cathedral ( Михаило - Архангельский собор ) in the south of the old town. At the point where it is now, there was a wooden church prior to the start of construction in 1741 of the present cathedral. After ten years of construction, the new building in the Pskov - Novgorod style was completed in 1751 and dedicated to the Archangel Michael, who is the patron saint of the Cossacks. The Archangel Michael Cathedral was up to the inauguration of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in 1850, which was demolished in 1938, the most important church of the city and henceforth known as the Old Cathedral. The Archangel Michael Cathedral, like many other churches closed in the 1930s and in 1988 returned to the church. Another beautiful church is Christ the Saviour Church ( Храм Христа Спасителя ), or popularly known as " Golden Church ", in the center of Oral. This church was built in 1871-1907 and is provided with eight rectangular towers, each of which carries a small golden dome. The Saviour Transfiguration Church ( Спасо - Преображенский храм ) is located in the north of the city in a former cemetery. This church building was, like most in Oral, built in the 19th century; the consecration of the building funded by donations took place on July 31, 1888.
In Oral there are also several mosques. The Old Oral Mosque ( Уральская мечеть ) of the city was built in 1897 but like many religious buildings in the Soviet Union closed in the 1930s and only returned about 30 years later the Muslim community. Today it is one of the monuments in Oral. In November 2005, the New Mosque ( Новая мечеть ) was built using the two companies Mangghystaumunaigas and KazMunayGas and foreign donors financial support. The modern building equipped with two minarets and can accommodate 1500 people.
Museums
As the cultural center of western Kazakhstan Oral has several important museums. This is mainly to call the local museum Oral ( Областной историко - краеведческий музей ), which was founded in 1831 and located in a building in oriental style on Bolshaya Sadowaja road (brochure Dostyk Druzhba today ) is housed. Among the total of 102 917 exhibits, there are arts and crafts, military armor of warriors, harness and household items to the people in the Urals. The museum include the topics of archeology, history, the history of the Soviet period, art history, literature, science and education in western Kazakhstan, ethnography and history of the Kazakh people of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Like most of the museums of the city also houses the Museum of Nature and Ecology ( Музей природы и экологии ) on Prospekt Dostyk Druzhba. It is part of the Regional Museum of West Kazakhstan region and around 10,500 exhibits one of the larger museums of the city. Here the visitor minerals and bone age animals, among other things, a molar tooth of a mammoth, and insects are shown to 150 square meters in three halls. In addition, dioramas are on the topics of steppe and forest part of the exhibition.
The Pushkin Museum ( Музей А.С. Пушкина ) is dedicated to the Russian national poet and the founder of modern Russian literature Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin. It is located in the building in which Pushkin staying in the autumn of 1883 lived in Oral. To see include old editions of " The Captain's Daughter " and " history of Pugatschew'schen sedition " as well as manuscripts, photographs and other documents of the writer. Among the well-known museums of Oral also the home of Museum Yemelyan Pugachev heard ( им Дом - музей. Е.И. Пугачева ). The museum building itself up as a wooden Cossack hut a historic monument dar. Since 1991, in the house exhibits about the Don Koskanen Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev and the history of the stories to see Ural Cossacks. In the Hero of the Soviet Union Manschuk Mametowa Museum ( музей героя советского союза Маншук Маметовой ) is reminiscent of Manschuk Schijengalijewna Mametowa which was awarded as the first Kazakh woman the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The museum is housed since its opening in 1982 in the house where the family lived Mametowa 1932 to 1934 and shows various photographs, documents and personal belongings of the Mametowa family.
Traffic
Near the town is the international airport Oral Aq Schol.
Sports
In the city the football club Aqschajyq Oral is located.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Nasib Schiganow (1911-1988), Tatar composer
- Valeri Leonov ( born 1942 ), Russian librarian
- Zakhar Bron (* 1947), Russian violinist and violin teacher
- Nurbol Schumasqaliew ( born 1981 ), Kazakh football player
- Jelena Poljonowa (* 1983), Russian Women's Handball
- Alexei Kolesov ( born 1984 ), Kazakh cyclist