Oralism

As oralism the philosophy of a monolingual language education of deaf and hard of hearing children is referred to, in which is largely dispensed with sign language and instead are the formation of speech sounds and the reading from the mouth to the fore. A distinction between pure oralism in which each use of gestures is strictly prohibited and mild oralism with partial use of generally required with hearing gestures, or by means of finger spelling. Since 1950, the electro- technical utilization of residual hearing through hearing aid or cochlear implant is connected with intensive auditory training should, where under the auditory- verbal method, the visual perception is completely avoided by the mouth in the early stages. Synonym to oralism is the name (pure ) According to language education.

Origin of the word

The adjective derives etymologically from the Latin orally os, oris ( ' mouth ') and means ' word of mouth '. From this word, the nouns oralism and Oralist and from this in turn can form oralistisch.

Oralist is often used by deaf and hard of hearing people pejorative.

History

The oralistische language education began at the end of the 18th century by Samuel Heinicke in Germany, Jacob Rodrigues Pereire in France and Thomas Braidwood in the UK and learns refinements under Maurice Hill and John Vatter in the 19th century in Germany. She found a wide use in many countries, which led to the decision of the Congress of the deaf teacher in 1880 in Milan, it was decided in the to give the exclusive talk and mouth reticle in the classroom with deaf children the absolute preference and to banish the sign language from the classroom. Deaf teachers were either dismissed or no longer set. Then the sign language was banned in most schools for deaf children for long time. In the United States joined Alexander Graham Bell, Teacher of Articulation and inventor of the "deaf enemy " phone, vehemently for the "pure" oralism on and used the obtained by him for the invention of the telephone Volta Prize for the promotion of oralism.

See also: History of sign languages ​​, history of the Deaf

• Deafness
• Special Education