Orania (plant)

Fruits of Orania ravaka

Orania is a native to Southeast Asia and Madagascar palm species. She is the only member of the tribe Oranieae.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Features

The representatives are medium to large powerful, single stemmed fan palm trees with no crown shaft. They are unarmed, monoecious and repeatedly flowering. The stem is erect, short to long, is bald with time, is fitted with eye-catching rings of leaf scars and sometimes wears korkige, warty bumps.

The chromosome number is 2n = 32

The leaves are in some species two lines ( distich ), with most in a spiral arrangement. They are large, feathery and fall after the death by their own weight. The leaf sheath is formed clearly and tears over the petiole in the longitudinal direction. It is usually densely hairy, tapering distally into the petiole. This is usually quite short, grooved on the upper side, rounded at the bottom. He carries plenty of hair. The rachis is usually much longer than the petiole. The leaflets are simply folded, arranged regularly and in a plane. Rarely they are in groups (as in Orania archboldiana ) and are available in several levels, implying a fiederiges appearance. The leaflets are linear - lanceolate, often narrow, folded, with uprooted ( praemorser ) peak. The upper leaf surface is bare and dark green, the lower leaf surface is covered with dense white Indument, rarely with brown pubescence along the midrib ( in Malagasy species). The central rib enters the top clearly visible.

Inflorescences

The inflorescences are in the axils between leaves ( interfoliar ) individually. They are often branched massive and one-to three-fold. You are protandrisch. The cover sheet is short, Roehrig, zweikielig and included in the support sheet. There is one, rarely two bracts on the peduncle, which are just above the cover sheet, very large, conspicuous, almost woody and Roehrig. Before flowering they close the inflorescence a completely, then tear along on to release the inflorescence. They then fall off. At the top they wear a firm, lance-shaped beak. The inflorescence stem is circular in cross section, Short hair, to very long and varied. The following bracts are very inconspicuous. The inflorescence axis is shorter or longer than the stem. The first-order lateral axes possess a pulvinus at the base. The side axes of higher order, if any, have inconspicuous, triangular bracts. The flower-bearing axes ( Rachillae ) are usually spreading, flexible, glabrous to hairy and wear in rather greater distances flowers triads distal to single or paired male flowers. The Triads are not depressed and have tiny, triangular bracts. The Brakteolen the individual flowers are very small and not visible.

Flowers

The male and female flowers resemble each other and are cream colored.

The male flowers are narrower and longer than the female. The cup is very short, flat, with three flat triangular lobes or with three free imbricaten corners. The three petals are free, valvat and wide to narrow lanceolate. The number of stamens is 3, 4, 6 or 9 to 32, the filaments are free or differently deformed, short to moderately long, and fleshy. The anthers are oblong, basifix, upright, with a large connective. They open extrors or latrors. A stamp rudiment usually missing. The pollen is ellipsoidal and slightly to significantly asymmetric. The germ is opening a distal sulcus. The longest axis measures 23-40 microns.

The female flowers are conical to pyramidal. The calyx is flat, very short and has three low, triangular lobes, or consists of three free, imbricaten sepals. The three petals are free, valvat and triangular. The three to eleven staminodes are very short awl- shaped, or rarely well developed and can potentially fertile pollen form (some collections of Orania sylvicola ). The gynoecium is dreifächrig with three ovules and of pyramidal shape. The three stigmas are short and bent back in the heyday. The shape of the seed plant is unknown.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits develop from one, two or rarely all three carpels. You are to mature orange, green, or dull - orange to yellowish- brown. They are spherical or slightly pear -shaped. If developed more than one carpel, each lobe is spherical. The scars radicals subbasal. The exocarp is smooth, the mesocarp traversed thin or thick, fleshy and of numerous short, radially arranged fibers. The endocarp is rather thin. The seed is spherical, basally attached with an approximately circular hilum. The seed surface is slightly furrowed by a network of fibers. The endosperm is homogeneous. The embryo sits subapical or lateral.

Dissemination and locations

The genus is mainly native to Southeast Asia. It comes in southern Thailand, in front on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and New Guinea. Three species are native to Madagascar. The greatest diversity prevails in New Guinea, are also quite rich in species the Philippines.

Most species are large palm tree, the tree layer or the lower tree layer of the tropical rain forests in the lowlands and up to 1,700 m above sea level. Orania Orania parva and oreophila are smaller palms in the understory of forests.

System

The genus Orania is placed in the subfamily within the family Arecaceae Arecoideae alone forms the tribe Oranieae. The genus is monophyletic. The Oranieae form a clade together with the Podococceae and Sclerospermeae.

In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the following types are recognized:

• Orania archboldiana
• Orania decipiens
• Orania disticha
• Orania gagavu
• Orania glauca
• Orania lauterbachiana
• Orania Longisquama
• Orania macropetala
• Orania moluccana
• Orania oreophila
• Orania palindan
• Orania paraguanensis
• Orania parva
• Orania ravaka
• Orania regalis
• Orania rubiginosa
• Orania sylvicola
• Orania trispatha

Orania was first described by Zipp 1829 type species is Orania regalis. The genus name is in honor of William of Orange -Nassau, then Crown Prince of the Netherlands, elected. The Tribe Oranieae was erected in 1955 by ODOARDO Beccari, type genus is Orania.

Documents

• John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 386-388.