Ore
- For the prefix " ir - " see ore.
- License Plate of Erzgebirgskreises
- To the Roman Catholic clergy, healers and archaeologists Matthias ore (1851-1899) see Matthias ore
- The Austrian fraternity see Corps ore Leoben.
Ore (plural: ores) is taken from the earth by mining degraded and usually also mechanically and chemically processed further mineral mixture, which was historically mined solely on the basis of the metal content, to process it for tools and the like on. The Copper Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age owe their name indirectly the source material.
Ore consists of the ore minerals to be recovered and non-recyclable gait. The extraction or decomposition, above or below ground, and the further use of the ores is, the geological deposits of minerals, their distributive availability and the technological progress of mining and subsequent marketing companies, such as metal production and processing, is determined. Today, the mining and extraction of much more minerals from the soil to ores occurs because the chemical and physical usability is technologically advanced. Partly be commercially exploitable minerals, for example, on non-metals such as sulfur are mined, called ore, on the other side as well as mineral resources.
- 3.1 Schwarzmetallerze: Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, Ni, Co, W, Mo, V 3.1.1 Iron ore
- 3.1.2 manganese
- 3.1.3 Chromium
- 3.1.4 Titanium ores
- 3.1.5 Nickel ores
- 3.1.6 Cobalt ores
- 3.1.7 Tungsten ores
- 3.1.8 Molybdenum
- 3.1.9 Vanadium ores
- 3.3.1 Aluminium ores
- 3.3.2 Magnesiumerze
- 3.3.3 Berylliumerze
- 3.3.4 Lithiumerze
- 3.4.1 gold ores
- 3.4.2 Silver ores
- 3.4.3 Platinerze
- 4.1 Import dependency of the Federal Republic of Germany
Definitions
Ore is a term used in economics. Whether a mineral reserve is called the ore body only depends on the efficiency of degradation. This also includes the ores are counted, which were dismantled in the course of history. Since the economy is the only determining factor, that could in times of resource scarcity quite mineral deposits that currently appear uninteresting, are classified and broken down as deposits.
"Minerals are naturally occurring mineral aggregates of economic interest, from which one or more component parts of value can be extracted by processing. Usually these are minerals that contain more or less of metallic components. "
However, the term in common usage is mainly associated with the metallic components. The definition according to James F. Kemp 1909 is in principle still valid:
" Ore is a more or less with gait verwachsenes, metalliferous mineral or mineral mixtures, which - from the standpoint of the miner or processor - mined at a profit, or can be further processed profitably. Whether one or more metals gain drop seems to be the only possible criteria, which can be used. "
The history of mankind has long been associated with the extraction of materials from nature. First level only the extraction of earth and minerals by more or less random collection of freely occurring minerals and weathering products in the foreground, yet was soon targeted searching and mining on the employment of people.
Ores may have very different metal contents. A tin ore with 2% tin content may be considered as already rich, whereas only iron ore with more than 60 % iron ( earlier in Germany: 30% iron ) is regarded as highly.
Outline of ore minerals by the anion
Sulfide ores
- Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2
- Galena: PbS
- Sphalerite: ZnS
Oxide ores
- Chromite: (Fe, Mg) Cr2O4
- Cassiterite: SnO2
- Magnetite: Fe3O4
Silicate ores
- Népouit: (Ni, Mg) 6 [( OH) 8 | Si4O10 ]
- Beryl: Be3Al2 ( SiO 3 ) 6
- Spodumene: LiAl ( SiO 3 ) 2
Outline of ore minerals by the metal cation
Schwarzmetallerze: Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, Ni, Co, W, Mo, V
Iron ores
- Magnetite or lodestone: Fe3O4
- Hematite or haematite: Fe2O3
Manganese
- Pyrolusite or Weichmanganerz: MnO2
- Psilomelane or Hartmanganerz: (Ba, H2O) 4Mn10O20
Chromium ores
- Chromite: FeCr2O4
Titanium ores
- Ilmenite or titanium iron: FeTiO3
- Rutile TiO2
Nickel ores
- Népouit: (Ni, Mg) 6 [( OH) 8 | Si4O10 ]
- Pentlandite and nickel pyrrhotite ( Fe, Ni) 9S8
Cobalt ores
- Skutterudite or smaltite: (Co, Ni) As3
- Cobaltite or cobalt gloss: CoAsS
Tungsten ores
- Wolframite ( Fe, Mn) WO4
- Scheelite: CaWO4
Molybdenum ores
- Molybdenite MoS2
Vanadium ores
- Vanadinit: Pb5 ( VO4 ) 3Cl
- Carnotite K2 (UO2 ) 2 ( VO4 ) 2.3 H2O
Nonferrous metal ores: Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn
Copper ores
- Chalcocite and chalcocite: Cu2S
- Chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite: CuFeS2
Lead ores
- Galena and galena: PbS
- Cerussite or Weißbleierz: PbCO3
Zinc ores
- Sphalerite and sphalerite ZnS
- Smithsonite and calamine: ZnCO3
Tin ores
- Cassiterite: SnO2
- Stannite or Zinnkies: Cu2FeSnS4
Leichtmetallerze: Al, Mg, Li, Be
Aluminium ores
Magnesiumerze
- Magnesite: MgCO3
- Kieserit: MgSO4 * 4 H2O
Berylliumerze
- Beryl: Be3Al2 ( SiO 3 ) 6
- Phenakit: Be2SiO4
Lithiumerze
- Spodumene: LiAl ( SiO 3 ) 2
- Zinnwaldite: K2Li4Al2 (F, OH) 4/Si8O20
Gold ores
- Native gold: Au
- Calaverit: AuTe2
Silver ores
- Argentite or silver gloss: Ag2S
Platinerze
- Pure platinum: Pt
- Sperrylite: PtAs2
Selection of important ore minerals in alphabetical order
- Argentite: Ag2S
- Bauxite: Al (OH) 3
- Bastnäsit (actually Bastnäsit - (Ce), Bastnäsit - (La), Bastnäsit - (Y), Hydroxylbastnäsit - (Ce) ): (Ce, La, Y) ( CO3) F and (Ce, La, Y) ( CO3 ) (OH, F)
- Beryl: Be3Al2 ( SiO 3 ) 6
- Bornite: Cu5FeS4
- Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2
- Chalcopyrite: Cu2S
- Chromite: (Fe, Mg) Cr2O4
- Columbite - tantalite or coltan: (Fe, Mn) (Nb, Ta) 2O6
- Galena: PbS
- Gold: Au
- Hematite: Fe2O3
- Ilmenite: FeTiO3
- Cassiterite: SnO2
- Magnetite: Fe3O4
- Molybdenite MoS2
- Monazite (actually monazite - (La), monazite - (Ce), monazite - (Nd) and monazite - (Sm ) ): (La, Ce, Nd, Sm) [ PO4 ]
- Pitchblende: UO2
- Pentlandite ( Fe, Ni) 9S8
- Scheelite: CaWO4
- Wolframite ( Fe, Mn) WO4
- Sphalerite: ZnS
- Cinnabar: HgS