Orenburg Governorate

The government Orenburg (Russian Оренбургская губерния / Orenburgskaja Gubernija ) was an administrative unit of the Russian Empire in the steppe zone south of the Ural Mountains. It bordered ( clockwise from the north ) to the following provinces and territories: Perm, Tobolsk, Turgai, Uralsk, Samara and Ufa to its territory belonged according to the current understanding not only of the Orenburg Oblast, but also parts of Kurgan and Chelyabinsk and some strip of territory in Kazakhstan. It had an area of ​​191,179 km ², capital was Orenburg.

The province was established in 1744 and in 1782 transferred to the Lieutenancy Ufa, whose headquarters has already been moved back to Orenburg in 1796, making the area got its name later. 1865, the government of Ufa was cleaved.

The Gouvernment was divided into the following groups ( Ujesdy ):

  • Orenburg
  • Orsk
  • Troitsk
  • Chelyabinsk
  • Werchneuralsk

Statistics

In the 1897 census, the province had 1,600,145 inhabitants. Of these, 1.12604 million Russians, Bashkirs 254 561, 41 541 Little Russians ( Ukrainians ), 16,877 Tatars and several smaller groups. Nearly a quarter of the population questioned the Orenburg Cossacks.

The economic importance of the government resulted from its wealth of mineral resources, especially gold, copper, iron, and salt. 1901 were counted 435 gold washings, which produced 2657 kg washing gold, while on passage Gold also 1722 kg were recovered. At 13,251 tons of copper ore, chromite at 1,771 tonnes, 133 053 tonnes of iron ore ( magnetite in particular from the magnetic mountain, on which the current is Magnitogorsk ) were recovered and 25,387 tons of rock salt. Moreover, agriculture and animal husbandry are the main occupation. The harvest was in 1902: 523 882 tonnes of wheat, 28,142 tons of rye, 141 810 tonnes of oats, 20 139 tonnes of barley and 88 872 tonnes of potatoes. In cattle there were 1902 716,000 horses, 848,000 head of cattle, 1,149,000 sheep, 77,000 goats and 47,000 pigs. Vegetables and fruit were little developed, on the other hand, there was as a by- Commercial fishing and beekeeping. The industry, with the exception of mining, was still completely meaningless. 1900 were counted 189 companies with 5,715 workers and a production value of about 14 million rubles.

A major upswing took the region with the Trans-Siberian Railway, the main line led over Chelyabinsk in the 19th century.

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