Orontes I.
Orontes I ( Armenian: Երուանդ, Greek: Ὀρόντης ) was a Persian general of the Achaemenid Empire in the 4th century BC. He was a son of the Artasyras, who came from Bactria.
Orontes was the Great King Artaxerxes II in Armenia as governor ( satrap ) and married shortly after 401 BC, whose daughter Rhodogune. In Persian civil war between Artaxerxes and Cyrus the Younger, he fought against the allied Greeks Cyrus ( Anabasis ). In the war against the Cypriot city-kingdoms of Salamis, Evagoras I, he snatched by an intrigue Tiribazus the command and graduated with Evagoras a favorable peace for this, which is why he fell out of favor with the Great King. After participating in the Satrapenaufstand the Küstensatrapen 361/360 BC, he lost his satrapy of Armenia and received instead the less significant satrapy Mysia. 357 BC it rose up from there against Artaxerxes III. and conquered Pergamon, but closed again very soon peace with this and gave Pergamon back. While the conclusion of a commercial treaty with Athens, he received the Athenian citizenship. Orontes died after 349 BC
Orontes I. was probably the grandfather of the Orontes II, about the continued the Armenian line of his family. Another descendant was Antiochus I, who founded the royal house of Commagene. His wife Rhodogune is the link between the families of the Achaemenids and Orontids.
Strabo stated in its geography that Syrian flow Typhon since the fourth century BC (now Nahr al - Asi ) called " Orontes " because I had crossed this river Orontes, probably. During the war against Evagoras
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- Xenophon on. 2, 4, 8; 2, 5, 40; 3, 4, 13; 3, 5, 17; 4, 3, 4
- Diodorus 15, 2, 8-9; 15, 10; 15, 90-91.
- OGIS 264a; 392
- Pompeius Trogus prol. 10
- Demosthenes 14, 31
- Polyainos 7, 14, 1
- Plutarch Mor 174 B
- The fragments of Greek historians 115 F 103.9
- Strabo, 16, 750