Orphism (art)
The term Orphism or Orphischer Cubism (derived from the mythical singer and Lyra / lyre player Orpheus, French orphique, mysterious ') denotes a resulting from the Cubism art movement in the mainly circular formations in bright colors based on the color theory of the chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul described, were in the 1839 published book law of simultaneous contrasts, created with the colors. The term coined by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1912 vividly colored works by Robert Delaunay. In the Cubist paintings of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque prevailed at that time before a more monochrome color scheme.
History
The term Orphism was coined in 1912 for the pictures of Robert Delaunay writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who gave The storm of Herwarth Walden in the same year, an introduction to the Delaunay exhibition at the gallery. Apollinaire saw in Orphism an overcoming of Cubism given and praised the painting of Delaunay, František Kupka and other young painters of the late German expressionism as " poetic and musical " language. The aim of Orphism was pure music to oppose a pure painting, which should be resolved by the representational in a rhythmic harmony of colors represent. Design elements are the dynamic forces of the color, so is color and its spatial effect essential element of composition. Light causes not only color, but is even color.
The simultaneous contrast, the simultaneous presentation of hot and cold, complementary and adjacent colors in the spectrum are an important stylistic device of Orphism. They should create the impression of movement by their optical effects in the eye of the beholder.
Robert Delaunay, who called his style developed in 1912 Cubisme écartelé ( divided Cubism ), was the most important representatives of this art movement. Delaunay saw and explained this in extensive art historical writings, in the color of his original artwork from which the pure painting should arise, the " give up the goods " and " could be completely abstract. " While Chevreul 's theory as a guide for artists understood as developed Delaunay, who read the book during his military service as a regimental librarian in Laon, from Chevreul's theory of his artistic concept that was an expression of a belief for him and was adopted by him as authentic. The idea of pure color painting was the necessary idea of a universe, and the associated notion of reality, for him, " which can be adequately recognized only by the visual perception and shows a simultaneous movement of the colors in the light. "
The painting should thus justified as a new means of knowledge and the rank of the painter be re-evaluated, because only the painter was not only to see this reality, but also to convey in a position. Delaunay remarked to his window - frames that behind each of these windows lies a new reality that is the ABC of expression, which impose new physical elements of color and from which new forms can be designed. " In this painting you can still meet to hints that are reminiscent of nature, but in a general sense, not in an analytical and descriptive as in the previous Cubist era. "
Especially Sonia Delaunay- Terk and the American Patrick Henry Bruce, a student of Henri Matisse, were influenced by Orphism in their works. In addition, works by Marc Chagall, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and members of the Blue Rider and the Section d'Or to be inspired by Orphism.