Orthodoxy

Orthodoxy (Greek ὀρθός Orthos, right ',' straight ' and δόξα doxa, opinion ', 'faith', ie " orthodoxy " ) generally refers to an interpretation of a doctrine that strongly adheres to the original interpretation. Supporters of orthodoxy see it as a necessary self-assertion of thinking against arbitrariness; the respective critics argue that an orthodox interpretation refuses flexible enhancements and adjustments to changes in religious, political and cultural conditions.

Orthodoxy in Christianity

In Christianity is " orthodoxy " was originally the term for the adherence to the Trinitarian decision of the first Council of Nicaea (325 ) ( " homoousios tô patri " " consubstantial with the Father " ) to distinguish them from the Arians. Then is called so that the commitment to the Christological dogma of the Council of Chalcedon (451 ). Only in nachreformatorischer time is thus the insistence on certain traditional doctrines, ideologies or practices meant, as opposed to renewal movements ( heterodoxy ):

• A theology historical epoch in Protestant theology; see Lutheran orthodoxy,
• With the Dutch Calvinists a strict belief, see Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland,
• Catholic doctrine in faith and morals, so far as it is understood as a measure of orthodoxy ( Orthodoxy ); see Magisterium

In common parlance, is understood orthodoxy two large groups of churches:

• Orthodox churches - the churches of Byzantine tradition, whose honor is the head of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Opel;
• Ancient Near Eastern churches, so the Oriental Churches, which are from the ( Byzantine ) Empire Church since 451 no more than " orthodox " viewed.

Orthodoxy and orthopraxy in Judaism

The Orthodox Judaism (from gr " the right teaching ( Torah ) belonging " ) consists of the two main directions of modern or neuorthodoxes Judaism and Judaism ultraorthodoxes. It is also called normative Judaism. The term Orthodox Judaism was probably originally used in liberal Judaism in association with Christian orthodoxy to distinguish from those Jews, their Jewish tradition did not change in spite of the social changes of the Enlightenment. It has been pointed out already in the 19th century that the term Orthopraxes Judaism ( from the Greek orthos, right, and practice, action, action ) is more appropriate.

The so-called ' Orthodox Judaism ' held on to the traditional roots of the entire Torah ( Hebrew for ' doctrine ') from written teaching ( Sefer Torah ) and oral administration ( Talmud ). And it developed these principles in the following works of rabbinic Judaism to this day in its own path, who trained as a reaction to the Reform Judaism since the 19th century. The entire Torah is true in Orthodox Judaism as authoritative Word of God, but is developed in time, as interpreted and increasingly unfolds. The authority of the Torah is formative for the Orthodox Jewish life, which is understood as a holistic service and will be completed by child rearing, Torah study, praise God, prayer, separation from the non- Jewish world, and ritual purification of the person and the family. Of all the movements of Judaism is the ' Orthodox Judaism ' the least homogeneous.

Orthodoxy in Islam

The term is mostly used for Sunni Muslims direction with the four Islamic schools of law ( madhhab ) represent the Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki and Shafi'i de jure and de facto, the vast majority of believers. It is also used as a boundary to minority directions in Islam, so for example, against Sufism, the Alevis, the Ahmadiyya; rarely against the Shiites, as these Qur'an also according to the above general definition interpret the letter.

Other meanings

Other meanings include:

• Orthodoxy. A handout for the unbelievers, an apology by Gilbert Keith Chesterton
• In economics: stabilization measures that do not include income policy measures
• Orthodox Marxism