Osseointegration

Osseointegration (Latin os 'bone', integrare " embed " ) is a term used in implant dentistry oral surgery. It refers to a visible light in the microscopic range direct functional and structural bond between the organized, living bone tissue and the surface of a loaded bone implant.

Per-Ingvar Brånemark in 1966 described the first scientist to the term " osseointegration ", which has entered into the international nomenclature. The scientific recognition of dental implantology was carried out by the German Society of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ( DGZMK ) in 1982.

Biological Basis

Osseointegration is the result of bony healing process, in which the bone cells (osteoblasts ) to grow directly onto the implant and obtain a firm attachment to the implant surface. In the surgical implantation of alloplastic materials, there is a primary and secondary necrosis. The primary necrosis represents the tissue trauma and subsequent apoptosis in the operating range due dar. of mechanical, thermal and osmotic effects The secondary necrosis is believed to be a consequence of the operation of the interruption due to the vascular microcirculation.

At the same place endosseous implants bone traumas and through the incorporation of the implant into the jawbone to exudative or proliferative inflammation. The healing process begins with the gradual reconstruction of the peri-implant thrombus in the artificially created Knochenalveole, and the necrotic border zone by ingrowth end angioblasts and histiocytes. The depth of iatrogenic trauma -aided tissue amounts to about 500 microns. Subsequently, the remaining bone fragments are degraded by macrophages and osteoblasts. From the exposed cancellous bone occur from bone-stimulating cytokines and chemotactic stimulated pre-osteoblasts and induce new bone formation.

Diagnostics

Characteristic of this composite is a typical bright, "hard" knock sound, in contrast to attenuated softer percussion of a non-integrated dental implant. An osseointegrated implant is immovably connected to the jawbone. With suitable equipment but you can measure microscopic movements yet.

Radiographically, no separating dark zone between the radiographically light appearing implant and the less bright bone is visible at a osseointegrated dental implant. Contrast, shows a non-integrated implant a dark area as a sign of not ossified interface between bone and implant. In most cases the implant is grossly visible to the naked eye and then move if it is through a dental bridge with other implants or teeth alone and not in combination.