OTR-23 Oka

9P71 launch vehicle and missile 9M714

The SS -23 Spider was developed in the Soviet Union and produced ballistic ground - to-ground missile tactical determination. She belonged to the class of short-range missiles ( SRBM ). The GRAU index is OTR -23 Oka. The index system of the Russian armed forces is R -400 Oka, the missile carries the designation 9M714.

Development

The SS -23 was designed as a successor to the SS -1C Scud -B. In 1971, KBM began system development in the design office Kolomna. The solid -fueled SS -23 was introduced in 1980 in the Soviet Army. In the following years, 127 start and transport vehicles as well as 239 missiles were produced. The development of improved design 9K714U Oka -U with the modified 9K714U rocket was set in 1987.

A further development of the SS -23 is the system SS -26 Stone / Iskander.

Variants

  • 9K714 Oka: standard version.
  • 9K714U Oka -U: Improved version with 9M714U rocket with final phases steering system. Development set.
  • Volga: a two-stage project 9M714U rocket. Project canceled.
  • Sphere: a project launcher based on the 9M714 missile. Project canceled.

Rocketry

In the factory Kolomna KBM three missile types were produced:

  • The version 9M714F with a 450 -pound conventional fragmentation warhead. The range is around 450 kilometers.
  • The version 9M714K with a 715 kg heavy warhead for bomblets ( submunitions ). The range is around 300 kilometers.

Technology

The system was housed on the terrain BAZ- 6944 - Osnowa truck. The index system of the Russian armed forces for this vehicle is 9P71. The system was highly mobile and rapidly deployable. There was a minimal response time from full speed reached by the Raketenverschuss of less than six minutes. Each vehicle was equipped with a 9M714 missile.

The SS -23 was powered by a high-energy solid propellant, which to a cruising speed of Mach 8.6 accelerated the missile. The control of the SS -23 was performed using an inertial navigation platform. It has achieved an accuracy (CEP ) of 50-350 meters.

The improved embodiment 9K714U equipped with a radar final phase guidance system. This contained a digitally operating radar system in the missile tip. The radar system controlled the missile in Zielendanflug independently to a point to which was previously marked on a digital radar satellite map. With this addition, system precision (CEP ) was reached 30-50 meters.

The bomblet warhead of 9M714K should open at an altitude of 3,000 meters and distribute the bomblets in a circular area of 80,000-100,000 square meters.

The SS -23 had a number of systems to overcome enemy defenses. She pointed to a flat semi- ballistic trajectory. At the maximum firing distance of the SS -23 ( approximately 480 km ) apogee was only 120 km. Such a flat trajectory makes it difficult to target detection by search radar. During the final phase of the target approach ( re-entry ) the vehicle injected randomly by several abrupt evasive maneuver with a load of 25 g. Also was on board a 30 -kilogram jammer, which was tuned to the fire control radar of the MIM -104 Patriot.

Use

During the 1980s, the SS -23 was stationed in the Soviet Union on the territory of Ukraine and Belarus, as well as in the stationed in the GDR, Czechoslovakia and Poland contingents of troops of the Soviet Army. In addition, a number of these systems have been introduced in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and Bulgaria. The National People's Army of the GDR in 1985 received four launch pads of the system SS -23, stationed in demes. Soviet stationing locations in the GDR were Jena- forestry and Weissenfels.

In the course of INF disarmament agreements (Intermediate - Range Nuclear Forces), the SS -23 was retired and scrapped from 1991.

Dissemination

  • Soviet Union 1955 Soviet Union: According to INF disarmament agreements scrapped
  • Germany Democratic Republic in 1949 German Democratic Republic: In the early 1990s scrapped
  • Bulgaria: 2002 discarded and scrapped
  • Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia: passed on to the successor states Czech Republic Czech Republic: In the mid -1990s scrapped
  • Slovakia Slovakia: 2000 discarded and scrapped
Short-range ballistic missile Solid-fuel rocket Mach number Surface-to-surface missile Cluster munition Circular Error Probable Fire-control radar MIM-104 Patriot National People's Army Demen Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
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