Outsider art

Art brut (French for, unspoiled, raw art ') is a collective term for self-taught art by laymen, children and people with intellectual disabilities. The name came from the French painter Jean Dubuffet, who thoroughly dealt with a naive and anti-academic aesthetics. Art brut is neither an art nor a direction style name, but describes an art beyond established art forms and currents. In the Anglo - American sphere instead the term Outsider Art ( " outsider art" ) is common.

Art beyond established art forms emerged already in the works of Arcimboldo, Goya, Hieronymus Bosch and in the sculptures in the park " Parco dei Mostri " Villa Orsini in Bomarzo.

Versatile is the number of non- assignable art forms. A variety of Art Brut are about the " art " of collectors of everyday objects (waste, broken glass, shells, etc.), these to entities, sculptures, ornaments, land art, etc. composed, for example, the world-machine of Franz Gsell man, but also the Giardino dei Tarocchi. One possible indicator is the "horror vacui " (such as " fear of empty space ") by the entire artboard or the entire space is filled with it. Similarly, the implementation of the compulsive hoarding syndrome, all fuss and re- valorization, to works of art.

In German-speaking psychiatrist Walter Morgenthaler published in 1921 his book on Adolf Wölfli A mentally ill as an artist, took the first one suffering from schizophrenia patients seriously as an artist.

6.1 General
6.2 Collections
6.3 Art Prize
6.4 exhibition

Definition

The term Art brut is related to Jean Dubuffet's art theoretical views, and stylistic allusions are obvious in his work. Often mistakenly Dubuffet 's works are characterized as art brut, but more important is the link to his activities as a collector. The artist looked at the embossing art brut as its intellectual property and reserved the right to forgive them independently or terminate, as in the case of Gaston Chaissac. This claim to sole representation and the limitation to his own collection - the Collection de l' Art Brut - were later criticized early on by André Breton and Harald Szeemann. Michel Thévoz and Lucienne Peiry, curators of the collection in Lausanne leave, art brut as a stylistic term also exclusively for these works apply and provide him with it in competition with other names for marginalized forms of artistic expression: " Artistry of the Mentally Ill" (Hans Prinzhorn ), " state -bound art "," naive art ". Despite their openness and blur the term Art Brut has international acceptance and contributed significantly to the recognition of marginalized art forms.

In the Anglo-American countries is next to the name Outsider Art, which was introduced by the British art historian Roger Cardinal, also Visionary art and self -taught art spread. In particular, after the comprehensive traveling exhibition Outsiders, the Cardinal had organized together with the artist and collector Victor Musgrave 1979 for the Arts Council of Great Britain.

Along with this cultural recognition process went in the last decades, intensive and successful promotion of artistic works for therapeutic purposes, for example by the psychiatrist Leo Navratil at Künstlerhaus Gugging in Klosterneuburg near Vienna or La Tinaia - Centro di Attività Espressive in Florence. Meanwhile specializing a separate segment of the art market for art brut at international fairs, such as the Art Cologne or the New York Outsider Art Fair. In addition, regularly appear Magazine, about the English magazine Raw Vision, which refer to breed type. Since 2000 there is the euward, the European Art Prize painting and graphics for artists with intellectual disabilities.

Collection de l' Art Brut, Lausanne

In 1947, Dubuffet with a circle of like-minded people, among others, the surrealist André Breton in Paris, Compagnie de l' Art Brut, whose aim was, alternative art to document and collect. In the basement of the Paris Galerie René Drouin it came to solo exhibitions with works by Adolf Wölfli, Aloïse Corbaz and others.

In 1949 there 200 works by 63 artists under the title Art brut prefere aux arts culturels were presented. In the catalog Dubuffet defined the art brut as subversive, alternative art form away from the suffocating " cultural arts ". In this designed as a manifesto text, he also emphasized that Art Brut beyond cultural norms does not automatically identical with psychopathological creations is: " We are of the view that the impact of art in all cases is the same, and that it neither an art of mentally ill are as an art of stomach sick or knee patients. "

1951 sparked Dubuffet at the club and moved the collection to East Hampton in the U.S., where she oversaw the artist Alfonso Ossorio. In 1962 she returned to Paris and was exhibited at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in 1967.

In the following years the number of works grew considerably. In 1975, he donated his had grown to 15,000 objects collection to the city of Lausanne, where it is since 1976, on display in a public museum, the Collection de l' Art Brut. Founding director was Michel Thévoz, now the Museum of Lucienne Peiry is headed.