Owińska

The village Owińska is in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, only a few kilometers north of exhibition and trade Poznań (Posen).

General

Owińska belongs to the municipality Czerwonak in Poznański powiat ( county P.) and has 2251 inhabitants.

The oldest monument in the village is the cemetery church of St. Nicholas ( Kościół Sw. Mikołaja ), built in Renaissance style in 1574 and until 1835 also the parish church. Actually, much older, but completely remodeled in the 18th century, the Cistercian monastery. Today, probably the most well-known is the neoclassical palace, built about half a kilometer northeast of the monastery complex of the partitions of Poland under Prussian rule. Near the monastery received a psychiatric hospital was built on the site of former farm buildings in the 1860s. Since 1993, the hospital buildings are empty and dilapidated.

Monastery Owińska

Under the reign of the great Polish duke Przemysl I. a Cistercian monastery was 1242-1252 in the place that was mentioned in 1294 as Ovensko, eerrichtet, which existed until 1797. Przemysl I. sister Anna was there abbess. The monastery was a sprawling agriculture. The 120 -square-mile rule of the monastery including numerous villages of the area: Barcinek, Biedrusko, Bolechowo, Chludowo, Dębogóra, Miękowo, Radojewo, Radzim, Skorzęcin, Trzuskotowo and Wierzonka, possibly Czerwonak. In modern times, the monastery also ran a school for women. The obtained today buildings, including the church dedicated to John the Baptist and the cloister, dating from the 18th century. Designed they are of the Italian architects Giovanni Catenazzi and Pompeo Ferrari.

Castle Owinsk

The Classicist chateau Owinsk is a simple and clearly structured country castle that was once surrounded by a large garden with vorgelagertem lake. The building is considered essential parts as an early work of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

Acquisition by Tresckow

With the second partition of Poland Owińskak fell in 1793 to Prussia. The 12,000 -acre rule Owinsk with the associated villages was acquired by the wealthy merchant and Canon Sigmund Otto Joseph von Tresckow in 1797, which had developed its business activities in Berlin and Paris. Immediately after the acquisition of the goods substantial resources have been invested in the beautification of the gardens and the stately castle of the new owner. Many farm buildings were erected, made ​​extensive macrolevellings and down a road through the village. Tresckow put fixed rate mortgages bonds to finance the construction costs, on which, among other things Wilhelm von Humboldt involved with 38,000 thalers.

Architect from the circle around David Gilly

The client was well acquainted with David Gilly from the French colony in Berlin and asked this in the expansion of rule Owinsk for advice. Gilly commissioned in 1799 his first previously used on Bromberger channel student Konrad Ernst Peterson with the execution of the first Economic and outbuildings. Peterson ran through parallel to his job in Owinsk together with Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1799-1801 the architecture classes of David and Friedrich Gilly at the Berlin Academy of Architecture. Peterson went, having qualified in 1801 as a city planner to Bromberg and took care of from there to the progress of the buildings in Owinsk. From the autumn of 1803, employed at the construction site of the Weimar City Palace until spring 1803 Berlin architect Louis Catel was engaged for the execution of the castle building, he drew plans for this winter 1804/1804. Handwritten drafts of David Gilly for Owinsk are not recorded, but it can be assumed that the designs in Berlin in the inner circle have arisen to Gilly. Catel was mainly responsible for the construction work and grabbed this back on already existing plans. His biography describes him mistakenly as the sole architect:

" In the spring of 1804 he traveled to Pohlen to according to plans, which he elaborated in the winter to build a castle for the Mr. von Tresckow in Owinsk in Poznan. This building occupied him from 1804 until the summer of 1806. Besides leading the Schloßbaues he put zugleicherzeit the H. v. TRESK. a brick and Kalckbrennerei in Owinsk to. "

Rescheduling by Schinkel

When exactly Schinkel was active in Owinsk first time, is not provable. Possible are first drafts of farm buildings already from 1800 to 1801. The plans for an extension of the already under construction castle may have been designed already on the trip to Italy from 1804 to 1805. Detectable Schinkel stay in Owinsk in the construction phases in 1805 and 1806. From this period date the central gable with its Italian Serliana window and the two classical gatehouses. Schinkel preserved designs for a Pharos on the Warta River and a flower salon in the park could no longer be realized after the political collapse of 1806. Especially in the design of the interior ( vestibule and rotunda with Velarium star ceiling, staircase, ballroom ) worked Catel and Schinkel closely together, as already noted Döbber 1916:

" So also highlights what little he had to create ( Schinkel ) architecture in the near future, not yet up striking about Former. When artistic By forming the 1804-1806 running Owinsk castle in Poznan you can still make similar observations as in Buckow. Old and new side by side is what may be the reason in the participation Louis Catel lie partly, of course. "

Noteworthy is the completion of the 1806 unfinished interiors by Schinkel's designs of the late 1820s: Leave in the early interior designs see parallels to the interior decoration of the Weimar City Palace, show the successive runs clear references to Schinkel's Berlin City Palace and museum.

Use

By 1945, the plant was just like the neighboring Radojewo owned by the family of Tresckow. The castle was used as a school in times of socialism and a major overhaul for the Schinkel anniversary in 1985. By 2000, at least one wing was inhabited, and only then fell the meantime privatized and unused buildings. The parquet floors and the railing of the Berlin Iron Foundry were broken and stolen at this time. In 2002, the congregation bought the castle back, secured the building and started working in the park. Since then, both gatehouses could be rehabilitated conservation practice with support from the European Union, they are now home to a police station and the tourist office of the municipality Czerwonak. The Hermann Reemtsma Foundation, which had already set 1992-1993 Schinkel repaired in 1800 designed Pomonatempel on Potsdamer Pfingstberg left, in 2010 to create a building surveys for lock Owinsk, based on which the community Czerwonak will decide on a future use.

Shaping

In its simplicity reminds the implementation to the Gillysche Paretz Palace. The stucco building is two stories up on the small side wings and is divided by fourteen axes and Giebelrisalite on the front and back. The base consists of bog iron stones and boulders. The four-axle small side wings are on one level. Giebelrisalite give the building a representative appearance. Also contributes to the portico at the front with its four Doric columns. The early classical interiors are decorated by painted ceilings.

Garden Architecture

Access is through the monumental gate buildings and leads to a large oval pond, where the castle reflected. It is nestled in a park that extends both before and behind. In these earlier was also included the old monastery with the Baroque church of the Italian architect Pompeo Ferrari. Before the construction of the psychiatric hospital in the 1860s, a visual axis allowed the views of the castle and park Radojewo. The 1800 scale and in the early 1820s by Peter Joseph Lenne revised landscape garden is now largely obstructed.