Pacaraos-Quechua

Spoken in

• Quechua language family Pacaraos - Quechua

Qu

Que

Qvp, queer ( macro language )

Pacaraos - Quechua ( Quechua: Runashimi ) is a variety of the Quechua which was spoken until the mid-20th century in the village Pacaraos in the Peruvian department of Lima in the valley of Chancay at over 3000 m altitude.

The Pacaraos dialect was investigated in the 1970s by the Dutch linguist Willem FH Adelaar. At that time the Quechua was essentially still spoken by women aged 60 years and older. Around the turn of the millennium, there were possibly not active speakers more but it can be assumed that some people who grew up at that time with their grandparents, yet have a passive knowledge.

A special feature of Pacaraos - Quechua is that it is neither of the two major branches of the language family ( Waywash and Wampuy ) can be assigned. Unlike other Quechua variants in which words are stressed on the penultimate syllable of the word stress is phonemic, and is on the penultimate or the last syllable. As the Waywash - dialects and in contrast to Wampuy different Pacaraos - Quechua between short and long vowels.

The first-person form of the verb, but also the possessive form for nouns is expressed by Endbetonung and adding -y. Example: Tarpuy " sow " ( tribe: tarpu ) - Tarpuy " I sow " ( comparison: in Waywash tarpuu, in Wampuy tarpuni ) - tarpunki " you sow " - tarpon " he sows ." Endbetonung is at Tarpuy, all other forms are stressed on the penultimate syllable.

The vocabulary of Pacaraos - Quechua agrees partly with Southern Quechua (example: Kunan "now" ), partly with the Waywash - mouth types (examples: yarku " ascend ", akshu, " potato " ) match. In addition, there are many loanwords from Jaqaru or another related to the Aymara, now extinct language (examples achara " old " uni- " hate ", WILKA " sun"). Some words are only known from the Pacaraos - Quechua, including Arapu " reply " chaqpa "clothes", rapqa " both ".

With the Waywash it also shares many accomplishments, including CAW - for " in, on " or piqta, piq for " out of". The accusative ending- kta, which is shortened in other present-day Quechua variants except the Wanka Quechua consistently to - ta, there is a long-form and short- form kta - k, where the latter leads to a Endbetonung. The Verneinungs suffix -su (< * -chu ) is often shortened to -s.

The gerund is expressed as in almost all Wampuy variants with - shpa.

Demonstrative pronouns kay ( "this" ) say ("the " ), ĉaqay ( "that" ).

The / q / of the original Quechua is a fricative, at the end of a syllable and next to voiceless consonants voiceless [ x], otherwise mostly voiced [g ]. Unlike other Quechua variants differs between the [r ] with a slip of the tongue ( Tap, example: rapqan " both of them " ) and a vibrants [ rr ] (example: rraqak " girl "). As in some dialects of Ancashino is / č / become [s ] (example: say " the [da ]"), / s, however, / is usually [h ] (Examples: Huti " name " HACA "plant" rrahu "Snow "). The retroflex / ĉ / is obtained.