Palermo Stone

The Palermostein is one of the two larger fragments of stone annals of the 5th Dynasty, the ( Pharaohs ) ( 2504-2347 BC) contained together with the Cairo Stone and other smaller portions of the names of the kings of prädynastischer time to the 5th Dynasty. Got its name, this part due to its current storage location in the Archaeological Regional Museum of Palermo, where it is located since 1877.

Description

→ Main article: Annals of the 5th Dynasty stone

Former form

The original annals stone was a black Dioritplatte whose dimensions have probably be 220 x 140 cm. For reasons unknown, the artifact is broken into fragments, of which so far seven have survived. The two largest fragments are called because of their venues " Palermostein " and " Cairo Stone ", a significantly small fragment (P1; called " London fragment" ) is located in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology in London. In addition, there are three additional fragments, which are referred to as " Cairo fragments ".

Today's form

The Palermostein is roughly shield-shaped, about 43.5 cm high, 25 cm wide and about 6.0 cm thick, the thickness of the stone is irregular. He is numbered on both sides, with the inscription on the back is better preserved than on the front. It was coated with chalk directly on the stone.

Labeling

The stone tablet is labeled front and back. The organization is clearly structured in their basic form. The entries are made in the horizontal direction of writing and read from right to left. They are by the Jahreshieroglyphe Renpet ( Gardiner sign M4, a bald Palmrispe ) in small fields ( "Annual event fields" or "Event Fields " called ) divided. The number of fields corresponds to the number of years since unification. Not every line contained the same number of years fields, since the individual rulers governed different lengths. The first still broad line is followed by two narrow rows. The fourth line is again wide by Advanced registrations; from the fifth row also correspondingly higher. Then the rows grow up to its monumental form on the opposite side.

In the top row the names prädynastischer rulers are registered. Below you find all the kings of the 1st to the 4th Dynasty. In the free intermediate lines that separate the tables, the Horus name, throne name, gold name cartridges and names of rulers are listed, as well as the names of the royal mother. The names of the kings Banda Rolen are always positioned so that they are exactly centered over the corresponding table. Directly below the main annual events are from right to left in narrow windows listed. These included religious- cultic festivals such as the Horus -conduct and the sed festival, political and economic events such as the livestock census or military campaigns against exotic peoples (eg, the Iuntiu and Setjet ), the creation ( " birth " ) of gods and statues of the king and the founding of temples, domains, and cities. In a very thin extra line beneath each window of the current status of the Nile flood years is specified.

The rulers tables always end with an indication of which calendar year the king died. The annual count for the successor king but not thereafter begins with the government takeover, but mentions only the year in which the respective king ascended the throne (so-called coronation year). As a form of the Egyptian calendar management calendar was chosen from a date in the Egyptian year " flood " ansetzte always with the first Achet I. According to this principle, the entire front of the former plaque is built up. The back is dedicated to the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The Palermostein Cairo and the stone are the two largest fragments and is still subject of research.

Royal names Received

On the front of Palermosteins the entries for the following kings ( pharaohs ) are readable:

  • Imichet, an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Wenegbu, an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Niheb, an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Tiu, an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Itjiesch, an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Iucha ( Chaiu ), an under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Seka, one under Egyptian king during the Prädynastik
  • Aha, King ( Pharaoh ) of the 1st dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • Teti I, King (Pharaoh) of the 1st dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • Djer, King ( Pharaoh ) of the 1st dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • The king (Pharaoh) of the 1st dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • Ninetjer King (Pharaoh) of the 2nd Dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • Khasekhemwy King (Pharaoh) of the 2nd Dynasty ( Early Dynastic period )
  • King Djoser (Pharaoh) of the 3rd Dynasty (Old Kingdom)
  • King Snefru (Pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty (Old Kingdom)

On the back of Palermosteins the entries for the following rulers are obtained:

  • Huni King (Pharaoh) of the 3rd Dynasty (Old Kingdom)
  • Shepseskaf King (Pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty (Old Kingdom)
  • Userkaf King (Pharaoh) of the 5th dynasty (Old Kingdom)
  • Sahura King (Pharaoh) of the 5th dynasty (Old Kingdom)
  • Neferirkare King (Pharaoh) of the 5th dynasty (Old Kingdom)
Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas Gardiner's sign list Early Dynastic Period of Egypt Cartouche Cult (religious practice) Season of the Inundation Mekh Wazner Neheb Thesh Nynetjer Old Kingdom of Egypt Sahure Neferirkare Kakai List of pharaohs Ludwig Borchardt
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