Panaenus
Panainos ( Πάναινος ancient Greek, Latin Panaenus ) was an ancient Greek painter, who flourished about the middle of the 5th century BC and from the - came within the sculptor Phidias - even family.
Life
According to Strabo Panainos was a cousin of Phidias and worked with him at the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Pliny and Pausanias call him a brother of Phidias. Maybe, but there are two different people with the same name from the family of Phidias. Pliny mentions as Akme Panainos of the 83rd Olympiad, ie the years 448-445 BC Since the time of the proven work of the painter Panainos mentioned about the years from 465 BC to 430 BC included, ie over lasted 30 years, it is believed that the early works are to be connected with the brother of Phidias, the later with his cousin.
Works
In Athens
Among the works of the Panainos counts the painting of the Battle of Marathon in the Stoa Poecile at the Agora of Athens, which probably developed in collaboration with Micon. But the painting of Aelian without Panainos ' participation is only assigned Polygnotus and Micon. The design of the Stoa Poecile, the colorful hall, probably took place in the time of Cimon and before its exile in the year 462/461 BC instead. For in the battle scenes in particular was the performance of Miltiades, Cimon's father pointed out.
About person and life of Panainos itself is nothing more known, his works are lost, reflexes of his painting in the art of later periods are not to grasp.
In Delphi
In the first artistic rivalry between the painters at the Pythian Games in Delphi, he succumbed to the otherwise unknown Timagoras from Chalcis what this 've written a poem. The pre- bene theme of the contest is unknown, the Maleragon the Pythia was BC introduced around the middle of the 5th century, according to Pliny the time of the acme of Panainos.
In Olympia
Important and going beyond the role of an assistant was apparently his involvement with the statue of Olympian Zeus. Strabo calls him in the context of " Synergolabos " ( συνεργόλαβος ), which indicates a position at eye level with Phidias. Because as Synergolabos he was co-contractor for the advertised statue of Zeus. At the statue, he was responsible for the color scheme, especially the garment. Above all, he painted the throne barriers that surrounded the Zeus on all sides and the visitors kept at a distance from the portrait.
The front gate was this monochrome kept in a deep blue color, while the other three barriers were painted with three image fields: Heracles, as he is about the Atlas to take the burden off your shoulders; Theseus and Pirithous, probably in the underworld, personifications of the Hellas and Salamis with prows in the hands as allusions to the naval victory of the Greeks against the Persians; löwenbezingende of Heracles; the desecration of Cassandra by the Locrian Ajax; Hippodamia and Sterope, daughter and wife of Oenomaus; Prometheus bound and Heracles; Achilles supporting the dying Amazon Penthesilea; Finally, and the story of the first image resuming: two Hesperides with two apples in order to steal their apples can Herakles the Atlas, father of the Hesperides, the load from the shoulders took for this could pick the apples.
Each side of the throne barriers therefore dismissed the series " Hercules myth " - " dramatic love story " - " mythical female figures " on. Even Theseus and Pirithous were seated in the underworld, Hades, fixed, because they wanted to kidnap Persephone. Numerous other and admirable painting of Panainos whose contents are unknown, were kept in the sanctuary of Olympia.
In Elis
Either at this time or immediately following, he painted the inside of the shield, which the sculptor had created Colotes for its gold and ivory statue of Athena at Elis. For the Temple, who received this statue, he seems to have also taken the scenic design. At least handed Pliny the method of primer for the paintings of the temple, the Panainos from milk and saffron touched and still showed to Pliny's time saffron smell and taste when you wear the primer with a wet thumb.