Panarchism

Panarchismus is a political philosophy that emanates from the peaceful coexistence of different political systems in the same field.

The term was introduced in 1860 by the Belgian botanist and economist Paul Émile de Puydt. The term panarchy is composed of the Greek root words pan (all ) and hierarchy ( form of government ), that refers to a form of government that includes all forms of government.

In the panarchy it would be all individuals permitted to secede from the previous government and to enter into a new one without having to leave the country. In a field several parallel governments would exist that would be organized differently (for example, monarchy, republic, etc. ), and the individuals could freely choose which they want to belong. Any government taxes and fees would relate by their followers and provide them with services. It is thus essentially a extraterritorial right of secession.

De Puydt inspired from the free economic competition to propose a free competition of forms of government. His motto is " laissez faire, laissez passer " should not be applied in state policy. The customers ( citizens) are for personal belief and financial criteria to choose their government without there choice loser or revolutions would be needed. The continued existence of any government would depend solely on their number of followers and their finances. De Puydt made ​​comparisons with religion, where monopolistic state religions were replaced by a peaceful coexistence of different religions.

Panarchismus was supported by anarchists such as Max Nettlau, but also some socialists and libertarians.

Bruno Frey and Reiner Eichenberger in 1997 proposed using Functional Overlapping Competing Jurisdiction a similar model. Panarchismus also has similarities with the anarcho- capitalism.