Paper plane

A paper airplane is made ​​of paper flying object. He does not have its own drive and is started by throwing a rule. However, it is also possible to start it with a model rocket or a catapult. Dealing with paper planes is now mainly a hobby, but is sometimes also needed for the simulation of flight characteristics or for other experimental purposes.

  • 3.1 material
  • 3.2 design
  • 3.3 release
  • 3.4 Ambient
  • 4.1 launcher
  • 4.2 slider
  • 5.1 Red Bull Paper Wings
  • 6.1 Guinness Book of World Records
  • 6.2 Red Bull Paper Wings
  • 6.3 origami flyer
  • 6.4 Other

Forms of paper planes

An essential feature of the paper airplane are its extremely thin airfoil. Profiles, which are common in the aircraft industry, are suitable for physical reasons for paper airplanes. The necessary stability must therefore be achieved by other means. Following the techniques of their manufacture paper planes are divided into Faltflieger and paper airplanes.

Faltflieger

Faltflieger are sometimes generally produced from a well of several sheets of paper. The use of glue or damage of the paper is frowned upon, tape or additional attached masses such as letter clips, however, come before. If Faltflieger are driven solely by folding and contain no additional applications, they are also called origami flyer or ORIPLANE.

Paper airplanes

Small aircraft, consisting of paper, based on partially elaborate model aircraft. This paper, cardboard or paperboard is used only as a material. Paper airplanes should consist of more than 75 % of paper.

History

The idea of ​​making paper toys, comes from China, where 2000 years ago Drachenflieger constitute a popular entertainment option. However, the first mention of origami objects in China dates from the 17th century.

In Europe, Leonardo da Vinci is considered as the forefather of paper flying. In his successor many aviation pioneers have experimented with paper planes. Are Narrated example, models of Sir George Cayley, Alphonse Pénaud and Otto Lilienthal. The first publication on paper airplane is probably the book "Model Gliders " by EW Twining of 1909., The first German -language book titled " The Little Book of Paper Airplane ," author Gerhard Katz, was published in 1953.

In 1967, organized by Howard Luck Gossage for the magazine " Scientific American " "1st International Paper Airplane Competition" was held. This was followed in 1985 the "2nd Great International Paper Airplane Contest". Both competitions are inventories of paper airplanes that time. Despite numerous older sources is not sure exactly where many of today's known models and designs have emerged.

Flight behavior

The flight of a paper airplane is influenced by the following aspects:

Material

  • Paper (s)
  • Paper size (s)
  • Attached masses ( letter clips and staples, small coins, etc )
  • Glue, etc.

Shaping

  • Wing shape ( geometry)
  • Wing area ( size)
  • Wing position (V- Position )
  • Center of gravity
  • Stabilizers (aircraft empennage, winglets etc )
  • Tip shape

Release

  • Breakpoint ( where the model is touched )
  • (To be touched as the flyer ) release handle
  • Launch angle
  • Throwing speed
  • Discharge height

Environment

  • Wind ( direction and strength )
  • Thermals
  • Humidity

Physics

The behavior of paper planes in the air can be predicted by means of school mathematics with a good approximation. Depending on the construction, paper airplanes move ballistically and / or aerodynamically through the air. Pure ballista called launcher, all others are called glides.

Thrower

A pure thrower moves on a ballistic curve through the air. A good approximation for its trajectory is the trajectory parabola, which he would exactly follow if it were not for air resistance.

Skid

A slider lets start ballistically. After reaching the apex of the ballistic curve but its movement is the aerodynamic flight. Glider behave in aerodynamic flight similar to proper aircraft or birds. In contrast to these paper planes are but small and move at low speed, which is why their wings are immersed in insects such as laminar and turbulent not.

Competitions

Throwing paper planes has tradition, especially in children, but the beginning of the 21st century, established the paper also fly as a sport. Especially for students is the sport in which it comes to both the physical and the spiritual, very good.

Red Bull Paper Wings

Over the years, especially a competition has emerged, the Red Bull Paper Wings. Although there is no official in the paper flying World Championships, but the Red Bull Paper Wings also call themselves World Championships.

Records

For paper airplane, there is no official world championships. Nevertheless, there are several records which were set up but under different conditions of competition with some of widely differing rules. Among themselves, these services are therefore difficult to compare.

Guinness Book of World Records

In the Guinness Book of Records the following data are given:

  • Flight duration: 29.2 s - Takuo Toda (戸 田 拓 夫), Japan (19 December 2010)
  • Flight distance: 69.14 m - Joe Ayoob / John M. Collins, USA (February 26, 2012)
  • Largest Paper Plane: 18.21 m Wingspan - team of students and staff of the TU Braunschweig (28 September 2013)

Red Bull Paper Wings

The Red Bull Paper Wings lead as record-holder:

  • Flight duration: 27.6 s - Ken Blackburn, United States ( 1998)
  • Flight distance: Flight distance: 69.14 m - Joe Ayoob / John M. Collins, USA (February 26, 2012)

Origami Aviator

  • World Record - Flight duration: 24.91 s - Takuo Toda (戸 田 拓 夫), Japan ( 28 March 2009 ) Format DIN A5
  • National Records - Flight distance: Germany: 37.36 m - Kai Wicke, May 7, 2006 Format A4/Letter Japan: 37,92 m - Kishiura Takeshige (岸 浦 武 繁), March 28, 2009 Format A4/Letter United Kingdom: 28.7 m - Robin Glynn GB (19 September 1997) Format A4/Letter
  • National Records - Flight duration: USA: 18.8 s - Ken Blackburn, February 17, 1994; Format A4/Letter

Other

  • " Arturo 's Desert Eagle" ( German: " Desert Eagle" ) with 14 m length at 7 m wingspan and 360 kg mass - the larger cardboard model of a Papierfaltfliegers - is on 21 March 2012 from 800 m height 1.5 km and nearly 160 km / h flew fast. The model was realized by the Pima Air & Space Museum in cooperation with the Arizona Aerospace Foundation, designed by Arturo Valdenegro (12 years) from Arizona, USA.
Howard Gossage Ballistics Aerodynamics Integrated Authority File
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