PAQUID cohort

A cohort study is an observational study design in epidemiology with the goal to uncover a relationship between one or more exposures and the occurrence of a disease. One group of exposed and non- exposed persons, a group over a certain period regarding the incidence or mortality of certain diseases is observed. It is a special form of the panel study, in which all individuals of a sample belonging to the same cohort. Among a cohort is a group of persons in whose CVs a specific biographical event has occurred almost at the same time.

In the PAQUID cohort study ( or Paquid study) was a total of 3,777 persons aged 65 years or older examined ( until recently ) from 1988 to the present day, a group of. Researchers recruited study participants from the group over 91 different regions of southwestern France to evaluate the influence of different environmental, behavioral and social conditions on the age-related medical status and disease. One of the main objectives of the study was to identify the causes of dementia, and Alzheimer's disease as possible, such as a correlation between the aluminum content of the drinking water and the incidence of dementias.

The study was conducted at the University Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France.

The term " PAQUID " comes from " Personnes Agee QUID ", which loosely translated from French or Latin as much as " What about the elderly? " means.

Lower risk of dementia in the active married elderly

In this prospective study, 2040 persons were PAQUID according to a longitudinal study in the initial examination included ( Fabrigoule et al 1995. ); which developed 84 people a dementia disease. As a result, a significantly lower dementia risk of disease in people can identify with regular activities such as traveling, needlework and gardening. Limiting factor is to be noted that longer standing social activities and leisure activities were not recorded in this study, only the activities at the time of initial examination and on two subsequent time points. Also under the PAQUID study investigating Helmer and colleagues ( 1999) the relationship between marital status and dementia risk of disease. The result can be a nearly two- fold increased risk of dementia and an almost threefold increased Alzheimer's risk for non- married persons show. Never married persons often live alone, have a smaller number of people in their social network and have more often than married a depressive symptomatology. A correlation between the satisfaction with the social network and the later occurrence of dementia can not be found.

Follow-up of aluminum influence on Alzheimer's disease over 15 years

The authors of a 15 -year follow- up study of PAQUID cohort study examined associations between exposure to aluminum or silica from drinking water and risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and the frequency of occurrence of Alzheimer 's disease. The studied at the PAQUID Cohort Study subjects were followed up for 15 years about further active search for new-onset cases of dementia in people aged 65 years and living in 91 public drinking water supply areas in southern France. Two criteria of exposure to aluminum were assessed quantitatively: a geographic exposure and individual exposure, taking into account the daily consumption of drinking water from the mains and bottled water. A total of 1925 patients who were completely free of dementia at the beginning of the investigation, examined or analyzed with a precise assignment to their water consumption.

Using random-effects models of cognitive decline in healthy volunteers was carried out with a higher daily aluminum intake from drinking water (≥ 0.1 mg / day, p = 0.005 ) or higher geographic exposure to aluminum quickly. Using a Cox regression, a special regression model from the mathematical statistics, a high daily dose in the aluminum intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia. Conversely conducted a supplementary intake of 10 mg silica / day to a reduced risk of dementia ( RR = 0.89 with p = 0.036 ). It was found no relationship between a geographical exposure to aluminum or silica from tap water with the onset of dementia. However, the individual taking larger amounts of aluminum in the water may be a risk factor for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

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