Parenteral

Parenteral literally means " the intestine over", " bypassing of the intestines " ( to ancient Greek. Παρά, pará "next " and ἔντερον, enteron " gut " ) and refers to the way in which substances or pathogens, bypassing the intestinal tract into the body reach. Medical and pharmaceutically the term is usually taken close. Defined the Pharmacopoeia parenteral as " sterile preparations intended for injection, infusion or implantation in the human or animal body. "

Examples of parenteral administration are as follows:

• Intravenous injection or infusion ( into a vein)
• Intra-arterial injection or infusion ( into an artery )
• Intramuscular injection (into a skeletal muscle )
• Intrathecal injection ( into the cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord )
• Subcutaneous injection (under the skin )
• Intraperitoneal injection or infusion ( into the abdominal cavity )
• Intracardiac injection ( in the heart)
• Intravitreal injection ( into the vitreous body of the eye)
• Intraosseous application ( in the bones ).

Pharmaceutical benefits

Pharmaceutically the parenteral according Pharmacopoeia be divided into injection preparations, infusion preparations, as well as powders, gels and concentrates for the preparation of injection or infusion preparations, and implants.

Avoidance of the first - pass effect

Reason for the parenteral administration of many drugs is the avoidance of the first - pass effect, often weakens the effectiveness of most drugs.

Commonly, the term is also associated with parenteral parenteral nutrition ( in which all nutrients are infused intravenously ) to distinguish them from an enteral artificial nutrition.

Parenteral infection describes routes of infection, the pathogen can take as a portal of entry except through the intestines.