Parenting

Under education refers to the practice -led education standards of children and adolescents in those physical, emotional, character, social, intellectual and practical life skills that are required in a given culture in all people.

Education is the subject of philosophical, religious studies, legal, political science, psychology, sociology, social and cultural-historical analysis. The scientific discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education is the education. With the social structures of the education system is concerned, the sociology of education, while the educational psychology and school psychology have the psychological dimensions of education in the field of view.

Word history and concept definition

"Educate" The word goes back to OHG irziohan ( " pull " ) and notes, in the example of the word educare ( Latin for " raise ", " feed ", "educate" ) soon Lehnbedeutung " make someone's mind and character and his promote development in ".

The terms " education", "education" and " socialization " are in close proximity; them clean to distinguish from each other, is not trivial. A detailed inventory of all the three terms have Konnotate 2008 Wolfgang horns, Barbara Drinck and Solvejg Jobst tried. The coined by German idealism term " education " refers then stronger than "education" on cognition; explicitly normative components of "education" are missing and the intrinsic activity of the forming individual is in the foreground, making the term receives an element of emancipation.

A distinction between "education" and " socialization " Friedhelm Neidhardt has made ​​, for the former is a normative concept, to be implemented in the specific ideal educational sessions, while the latter referred to as the collective term of all existing conditions of growing into a society.

Not, of course, is still the distinction between " education" and " education". Even Kant both terms usually used interchangeably, and some authors follow him to this day. The majority of the authors mean by " education" but not the education itself, but thinking about education.

History of Education

→ Main article: History of education

The education was characterized in the Western world until the 20th century, especially from Christianity, the ideal of Christian education was the believer. The medieval scholasticism, it is thanks to them that in the Christian education also received Aristotelian thought. The Enlightenment, humanism and the German idealism led from the 17th century to the emergence of a secularized civic education philosophy whose ideal was the educated, enlightened person, which is a useful member of society simultaneously. In a second, emanating from Jean -Jacques Rousseau tradition emerged since the 19th century, various currents of reform pedagogy that turned against alienation from life and authoritarianism and to develop their pedagogy of the Child forth trying. National Socialism brought in the 20th century produced no distinct educational philosophy, the systematic abuse that this regime drove with education, but had in the German-speaking world after 1945 a lengthy discrediting of authority result. This was especially in the educational discourses of the '68 movement and the extra-parliamentary opposition expressed characterizes the social education discourse in Germany and Austria, however, until today. In the United States, however, where lacked the historical conditions for a comparable authority discourse, approaches have been developed in the 1990s to a modern character education that seeks to reconcile the ideals of civic education with insights of current psychological research and the social challenges of the 21st century.

Sociological perspective

In his pedagogical main font, L' éducation morale ( posthumously, 1923), the French sociologist Émile Durkheim has determined education as " methodical socialization ". Education is that subset of the socialization processes that will pick up the skills gap between the adults and the younger generation. Education makes man a social creature, and serve the constituents of the social security system in which it takes place. As an activity that is governed by educational standards, it was, however, no primordial human condition, but is subject to a historically only at a time when the education about religion and family alone have not been sufficient.

Niklas Luhmann, who has also published a number of writings on pedagogy, conceptual education as a self-referential system and came across these systems theoretical approach to the irritating for educators insight that purposive upbringing was more a matter of luck as a matter of course.

Psychological perspective

With Heinz Walter Krohne and Michael Hock, a distinction between educational concepts and parenting styles. While education concepts are bunch of settings, goals and beliefs, the term " parenting style " the behavioral tendencies of parents and educators. Examples of educational concepts include a performance or education-oriented, emancipatory, anti-authoritarian or Christian education. Different parenting styles on the other hand are characterized by different levels of levels of authority, responsiveness and empathy. The parenting style may be - the individual emotional and social skills and the temperament of the parents accordingly - differ from person to person strong, with the individual but usually quite stable.

Pedagogical perspective

From educational science side is "education" has been defined as follows:

"Under education actions are understood by the people trying to improve the structure of the psychological dispositions of other people in any way permanently or to obtain its assessed as valuable components or to prevent the emergence of dispositions that are rated as bad. "

Legal perspective

Germany

The parental rights over their children is enshrined 2 Basic Law in Germany Article 6 para:

" The care and upbringing of children is the natural right of parents and a duty primarily incumbent upon them. Through its operating monitors the national community. "

While the German Youth Welfare Act, a number of ' measures ' envisaged, there was in 1990 a paradigm shift in so far as the new youth welfare law in the SGB VIII ( Children and Youth Services ( KJHG ) ) the guardian usually (voluntary ) offerings and services as a legal right to wanted to make available - these are the educational assistance in accordance with § § 27 to 41 SGB VIII only in § 13 paragraph 3 of SGB VIII, context: Measures from school to work and in § 42 SGB VIII ( taking into care ) is of ' measures ' spoken.

In July 2000, the law banning violence in education was adopted by the German Bundestag.